F “false fossils”: 14 family, taxonomic: 22 “feather stars”: 82 ferns: 47, 48 fish: 87, 88, 89 armored: 41, 88 carbon residue: 9 scales: 10 teeth: 10 vertebrae: 10 _Fistulipora_: 55 _Flabellum_: 53 foramen, pedicle: 54, 56 Foraminifera: 47, 49 Cretaceous: 49 fusulinids: 26, 29, 49 orbitoid: 26, 28 Pennsylvanian: 49 forams: 26, 28, 29, 47, 49 formation, geologic: 34 fossil— birds: 5, 100 burrows: 14 cataloging: 31 collecting: 17 equipment: 17 ethics: 20 how to collect: 20 where to look: 19 definition: 3 dung: 14 footprints: 14 gizzard stone: 14 identification: 21, 23-30 keys: 26-30 preservation— altered hard parts: 10-11 carbonization: 9, 10 mineralization: 10 permineralization: 10 petrifaction: 10 replacement, calcareous, iron, siliceous: 10, 11, 13 kinds of: 7 original hard and soft parts: 7 record, missing pages in: 5 wood: 47 fossilization, requirements of: 5 fossils— animal: 47-107 Cambrian: 40 carbonized: 10 classification of: 21-22 cleaning: 21 etching in acid: 21 frozen: 5, 7, 104 guide and/or index: 32 in amber: 7 in oil saturated soil: 7 in quicksand: 5 in tar: 5 in volcanic ash: 5 main types of: 44 natural mummies: 7 permineralized or petrified: 10 plant: 4, 10, 20, 32, 44-48 Pleistocene: 101, 102, 103, 104 Precambrian: 40 preparation of: 21 Quaternary: 43, 101, 102, 103, 104 replaced or mineralized: 10 silicified: 21 Cretaceous: 11 Permian: 11 etching: 21 Silurian: 40, 81 Tertiary: 43 Triassic: 42 uses of: 31-32 France: 106 Franklin Mountains, Cambrian of: 40 frogs: 89 _Frondicularia_: 49 fungi: 44 Fusselman limestone: 40 _Fusulina_: 49 fusulinids: 26, 29, 47, 49 _Fusus_: 63