Text Book of Biology, Part 1: VertebrataWells, H. G. (Herbert George)
Science
Text Book of Biology, Part 1: Vertebrata
Wells, H. G. (Herbert George)
Biology -- Textbooks
and portal vein, pancreatic duct, sacculus rotundus, vermiform
appendix, ureters (by pulling urinary bladder forward), genital ducts
(looping over ureters), spleen, kidneys, and adrenals. The vena cava
inferior is seen dorsally. The genital duct guides the student to the
genital gland; if the subject is a male, the testes may be exposed by
dissection, or by pulling the vas deferens gently the scrotal sac will be
turned inside out, and the testes brought into view. The ovary lies
exposed without dissection posterior to the kidney. Examine all this
carefully, and make small sketches of points of interest-- the duodenal
loop and the pyloric end of the stomach, for instance; the meeting of
colon, caecum, and sacculus rotundus again; or the urinary bladder
and adjacent parts. Note the dorsal aorta and vena cava and their
connexions behind. (Compare figure of circulation.) Cut through pelvic
girdle, and remove one hind leg, to see bladder and genital ducts
better (compare Sheet 10). Wash away any blood that may flow. Turn
all the intestines over to the animal's right, and see the dorsal aorta
and vena cava inferior of the abdomen, the inferior mesenteric artery,
and the spermatic (or ovarian) artery (compare, of course, with figure
in book). In front, immediately dorsal to the spleen, is a variable
quantity of lymphoidal tissue, which must be very carefully cleared to
see the superior mesenteric and coeliac arteries. Separate Spigelian
lobe from stomach, and look for vagus nerve descending by
oesophagus, solar plexus around the superior mesenteric artery, and
thrown up very distinctly by the purple vena cava inferior beneath, and
the splanchnic nerve. To see the abdominal sympathetic behind,
gently remove the peritoneum that lies on either side of the aorta;
blood-vessels will be seen running in between the vertebral bodies,
and the sympathetic chain, with its ganglia, made out very distinctly,
as it runs across them longitudinally. Now cut oesophagus just in
front of stomach, and cut the rectum, cut through the mesentery
supporting the intestine, and remove and unravel alimentary canal; cut
open, wash out, and examine caecum and stomach. Bleeding to a
considerable extent is inevitable, chiefly from the portal vein. The liver
had better remain if the same rabbit is to serve for the second
dissection.
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