Text-book of forensic medicine and toxicologyBuchanan, R. J. M. (Robert James McLean)
Science
Text-book of forensic medicine and toxicology
Buchanan, R. J. M. (Robert James McLean)
Medical jurisprudence; Poisons
By the action of certain dyes upon the corpuscles their special
features are rendered easier of recognition. Any of the approved
methods of preparing blood films for general clinical purposes, which
will suit the circumstances, may be employed. An easy and reliable
method is as follows. A drop of the solution of the blood-stain
properly prepared as previously recommended, or if obtainable a small
coagulum moistened with normal saline solution, is placed on a clean
coverslip and spread evenly over its surface with the aid of a fine
glass rod. The film is allowed to dry in the air, covered with a
watch-glass for protection against dust. When dry it is passed three
times through the flame of a Bunsen burner, or placed in a mixture of
equal parts of absolute alcohol and ether, to fix it. After fixation it
should be placed for a minute or more in an aqueous solution of eosin.
Any excess of stain should be removed by washing in distilled water,
and the specimen allowed to drain by standing it on edge upon a
piece of filter paper; it should then be allowed to dry, and then
counterstained with a freshly prepared aqueous solution of methylene
blue, hæmatoxylin solution, or other nuclear dye. Wash again in
distilled water, allow to dry, and mount in Canada balsam. By this
method the corpuscle will be stained pink, and if nucleated, the
nucleus will be stained by the methylene blue, hæmatoxylin, or other
nuclear stain which may have been used.
Leishman‘s stain may be used. This stain being a methyl-alcohol
solution is used for fixing and staining at the same time. A few
drops of the stain is placed on the dried film; after standing until
evaporation is almost complete, distilled water is dropped on to the
slide, and left to stand for two or three minutes, it is then drained
off, and a few more drops of distilled water added until the film is
pink in colour, then dried with filter paper. Red corpuscles are tinted
red with the eosin, and nuclei of leucocytes or nucleated red cells
violet or deep blue. The specimen may be examined direct with the oil
immersion or mounted in Canada balsam.
When examining specimens prepared from blood-stains, it is necessary
to search carefully for other cellular structures such as epithelial
cells, spermatozoa, or fragments of hair.
It may be advisable, in certain cases where the amount of material
submitted for examination is small, to centrifugalise some of the
solution in a fine glass tube, in order to determine any cellular
elements present to one spot. By making use of this concentrated
portion containing the cellular elements for the preparation of a
microscopic specimen, one not only facilitates the microscopical
examination, but is able to place more reliance upon the results
obtained.
The Results of Microscopical Examination of Blood-Stains in their
Medico-Legal Relations.
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