In operating the animal is kept standing with the head as nearly as possible in the natural position. The hair is removed from the skin beneath the windpipe between the middle and upper thirds of the neck. The skin having been rendered tense, (without displacement) by the fingers and thumb of the left hand, an incision is made in the median line from above downwards, for about two inches and is carried through the muscles so as to expose two rings of the trachea. The needle and thread are passed through the membrane connecting the two rings, and with the knife a semi-circular piece of cartilage is cut from each of the two adjacent rings. The thread in the connecting membrane prevents them from being drawn in by the rush of air. It only remains to introduce the tube and fix it in position. Not only does tracheotomy obviate immediate danger of suffocation, but by removing the source of irritation in the continuous and forcible rush of air through the narrowed and inflamed tube, and in securing for the blood a freer æration and a purer constitution it often induces a rapid change for the better in the character of the inflammatory action. The wound may be daily cleansed and dressed with sodium hyposulphite. Some veterinarians following the example of Bretonneau and Trousseau have treated sore throat from the first by what is called the abortive treatment. For this purpose a long whalebone prob with a pledget of tow firmly attached to its end and covered with powdered alum is introduced through the mouth into the pharynx and larynx even. Violent paroxysms of coughing are induced, but cures are affected in from two to five days. Under Delafond’s treatment calves and foals recovered in twenty-four hours. A more modern method is to inject a solution by means of a hypodermic syringe inserted between the upper rings of the trachea. Milder treatment such as the inhalation for an hour several times a day, of the fumes of burning sulphur and water vapor will be found generally successful. The air should be impregnated with sulphur fumes only so far as can be breathed without inducing coughing on the part of the patient. Such measures should not divert attention from the necessity for general care, a control of diet, clothing, air, the state of the bowels, nor from local external applications to the throat. =Treatment of Chronic Laryngitis.= The patient should have a loose airy box with an equable temperature. The avoidance of work and exposure must be sought for the time. Green food, cut roots, boiled grain, or bran mashes, with little or no hay, or other dry food, must be given. The bowels must be regulated. An electuary compound of linseed meal, molasses, and a drachm of belladonna extract to every tablespoonful of the mixture, may be given to the extent of a tablespoonful smeared on the inner side of the cheek twice daily. A mustard poultice to the throat has often a good effect. Light firing over the larynx is sometimes beneficial.