Mandl first carefully examined the paralyzed muscles which present to the naked eye a flattened and wasted appearance in marked contrast to the full well-rounded forms or those on the opposite side. They differ no less in color. In place of the deep red of the healthy muscles those on the diseased side are of a yellowish white hue with here and there a pink streak indicating the position of some unchanged muscular fibre. When placed under the microscope the healthy elements of the muscular fibres (sarcous elements) are seen to be replaced by granules of fat. The nerve (recurrent) is not only visibly wasted but its internal white substance (white substance of Schwann) can no longer be recognized and it approximates closely in character to a filament of ordinary white fibrous tissue. 17th. Muscular paralysis due to other causes and even located in different parts has been known to give rise to _roaring_. Goubaux and others have noted the occurrence of roaring from paralysis of one nostril, alike when the loss of power was special to the nasal muscles or common to all on one side of the face. Roaring apparently from paralysis of the laryngeal muscles has been seen frequently in animals fed on the seeds of leguminous plants and specially of the _Lathyrus Cicera_ (_Lathyrus Sativus Stendel_). The whole family of the _Leguminosæ_ is open to suspicion as occasionally containing a poisonous principle capable of inducing paralysis in animals fed on them. The _Lathyrus Sativus_ induces paralysis in man and the domestic animals in some parts of India (Sleeman, Irving). The common cultivated tare (Vicia Sativa) is well known to induce general paralysis, commencing with the hind extremities, when fed to horses at the period of ripening in Great Britain. In France the chick vetch (Lathyrus Cicera or Sativa) has been repeatedly noticed to lead to the development of roaring apparently from paralysis of the laryngeal muscles. Horses fed on 17 lbs, daily (straw and seeds) were attacked with roaring in five days. They gained in flesh and vigor, had a smooth shining coat and supple skin, and standing at rest presented nothing amiss, but after ten minutes trot they were seized with roaring and if not stopped they soon fell to the ground, with symptoms of impending suffocation, (Delafond). Horses fed heavily on the winter vetch with cut hay and molasses were attacked with roaring if gently exercised for one or two minutes. It came on suddenly and threatened instant suffocation. One horse fell and lay half an hour in a frightful state of dyspnœa. More commonly they recovered after a few minutes rest. In the intervals no disturbance of breathing nor any change of appetite attested the slightest deviation from health. Reynal, Cruzel, Caffin, Motte and Ayrault mention similar occurrences. The paralysis of chronic lead poisoning will also cause roaring.