=Auscultation of the Cough= is sometimes valuable, though more difficult and less satisfactory in the lower animals than in man, chiefly because of the extensive movement of the ribs in the former. As conveyed through a healthy lung to the ear applied on the side of the chest, the sound is short, dull and indistinct. When the lung is more solid from hepatisation, pleural exudation or other cause, or when the bronchi are dilated the sound is loud and strong. The extent over which it may be heard thus forcibly agrees with the area of lung in a state of consolidation. When a considerable cavity or canal communicates with a bronchial tube and extends to near the surface of the lung the sound is loud and ringing. The note is specially clear and metallic when such a cavity opens into the bronchus by a narrow orifice; an apt illustration of this noise may be obtained by coughing into a narrow necked vessel. The results obtained by auscultation should be confirmed by percussion before arriving at any definite conclusion as to the state of the chest. Consolidated lung tissue is a much better conductor of sound than the healthy, and sounds conveyed through this may be heard at a considerable distance from their point of origin. Thus the heart sounds are frequently heard over any part of the right side of the chest, and crepitation and other sounds may be heard in the centre of a hepatized portion. On all such occasions the dull sound elicited on percussion will not fail to correct the fallacy. PALPATION. TOUCH. This is chiefly useful in cases of pleurisy. As already noticed the vibration of the chest walls which accompanies the early friction sound is sometimes perceptible by the hand applied on the side of the chest. Pressing firmly in the intercostal spaces at the affected part invariably causes wincing and in cattle grunting. Pinching the back in inflammatory chest diseases in cattle but especially in pleurisy has a similar effect. MENSURATION.