In the =second stage= the condition of the lung is that of =red hepatisation=, so called from its resemblance in color and consistency to the liver. There are gradations between congestion and red _hepatisation_. In the earlier stages of the latter, the lung retains a measure of its softness, elasticity and permeability to air, though it is considerably firmer and less permeable than that which is in a state of congestion and differs further from it in exuding from its cut surface not a grumous, dark bloody pulp, but a clear straw colored fluid. In the advanced _red hepatisation_ the lung is of a firm consistency and granular liver like appearance. In color it varies from a bright red to a dark liver hue, the darker shades being chiefly met with in old animals or when the inflammation and fever have been intense and prostrating. Varying shades are seen in different lobules of the same lung. Its air cells are no longer pervious, it no longer crepitates under the pressure of the finger, nor floats in water, and its friability is such that it breaks down readily when the finger is thrust into its substance. Its surface is distinctly granular from the fibrinous plugging of the alveoli. Such a lung does not collapse when the chest is opened but retains its bulk and shape and in some cases the diseased portion may, by reason of the abundance of the exudation, be really larger than the same portion of lung in a normal state of dilatation. Its surface may thus retain the imprint of the ribs. Owing to the stasis of the blood in the vessels a hepatised portion of lung cannot be injected. The exudation which infiltrates the lung tissue and obliterates the air cells contains in the vicinity of the bloodvessels numerous granular masses and corpuscles and in the darker colored portions blood globules, owing to the action of diapedesis the red cells and the rupture of minute vessels. The smaller bronchial tubes stand out white and empty showing that they have escaped the inflammatory action. Hepatization usually extends from the anterior lobe or lower border upward. =Gray hepatization= is a sequel of the _red_ and presents the same firmness, friability and usually the same granular aspect; the lack of crepitation on pressure, and the higher density than water. From the cut surface a fatty or purulent fluid exudes spontaneously, or in other cases only when pressure is applied. The granular masses and corpuscles have disappeared, and if suppuration is not so abundant as to prove extensively destructive to lung tissue, that is gradually cleared up and restored to health. This state is always a very perilous one. =Abscess of the lung= sometimes met with in animals dying of pneumonia shows a circumscribed area of inflammation and induration with the liquid pus in the centre immediately surrounded by a vascular (limiting) membrane. Abscess may be single or multiple though in the latter case it is commonly a symptom of pyæmia.