Next in importance to pure, cool air is the comfort of the patient. Any tendency to chill, shivering, staring coat, or coldness of the surface and extremities is to be counteracted as far as possible. One or more blankets according to the condition of the patient and the temperature of the atmosphere are valuable and for the same reason a hood may be put on. Coldness of the limbs is to be met by active rubbing with the hand or with wisps of dry hay and then wrapping up loosely in flannel bandages. Some apply to the limbs ammonia and oil, spirits of turpentine, and other stimulants and thus by a powerful derivative action obtain an alleviation of the lung symptoms. For the same reason a mustard poultice on the chest, or the hot wet rugs recommended for congested lungs, often prove valuable in the earlier stages. Large injections of warm water and the supply of warm gruels are not to be neglected when they can be employed. Measures such as these directed to check any chill and render the circulation free and uniform in the skin and extremities, if adopted during the cold stages of the fever, will sometimes succeed in bringing about a resolution of the pulmonary congestion and warding off a threatened attack of pneumonia. The diet should be of a non-stimulating and laxative kind. Bran mashes, linseed, oatmeal, or other gruels, carrots, turnips, scalded hay, or green food, if at the proper season, should be given in small quantities so as not to satiate. _Antiphlogistic Treatment._ Half a century ago bloodletting was considered the remedy _par excellence_ for pneumonia and it seemed justified by the marked relief to breathing and pulse which usually at once followed a free bleeding. In a short time, however, the fever would rise anew and the distressing symptoms reappear, which led the school of Broussais to repeat the bleeding, _coup sur coup_, as often as the exacerbation appeared. There was no respite for either age or condition, the debilitated city toiler, the babe at the breast, and man of eighty tottering into the grave had alike to submit to the lancet, and when the oppressive symptoms returned, the blood had to flow anew. Broussais himself, however, recognized his error in his later life, and remarkably enough, his conversion was effected through veterinary practice. His two carriage horses were successively attacked by pneumonia: the first was treated by bleeding _coup sur coup_ and recovered: the second was put under a more conservative treatment and also got well, but while the first remained soft, flabby, debilitated and susceptible for a length of time, the second was on convalescence at once able to go into active work. The enormous abuse of bleeding, led to its more complete abandonment than would otherwise have been probable, and the contrast between the high mortality of cases treated by excessive bleeding, and the lower fatality in pneumonias treated without phlebotomy on the