In the large ruminants this disease tends more towards a subacute type than in the horse, and coming on insidiously from ordinary causes is liable to be confounded with the _contagious pleuro-pneumonia_ of the bovine race. As in the horse the nervous animals show more violent symptoms. It is rare in milch cows and young cattle and more frequent in work oxen. In the _acute form_ the symptoms mainly agree with those of the horse. There is the same shivering, followed by a hot stage, hyperthermia, the accelerated pulse, the short quick labored breathing, heaving flanks, cough frequent, deep, hacking, and easily excited, dilating nostrils, redness of the mucous membrane, and the same indications on auscultation and percussion, care being taken to obviate misconception of natural conditions in the chest of the ox. There is in addition a dry muzzle, tenderness of the back and breast bones and wincing when they are pinched between the fingers and thumb; suspension of the appetite and rumination and in cows suppression of the secretion of milk; the mouth is often opened and the tongue protruded to facilitate breathing, and in bad cases each expiration is accompanied by a moan or grunt. In many cases the ox can lie on his flattened breastbone and maintain the breathing process, but when the disease is severe he stands no less obstinately than the horse, his elbows turned out, his nose protruded and directed towards a window or other opening. Among the unfavorable symptoms may be mentioned increasing anxiety and distress, a more oppressed breathing, the animal standing constantly in one position with legs apart, elbows turned out, his nose extremely raised, nostrils widely dilating, mouth open, tongue protruded, the expiratory grunt deep and prolonged, the cough infrequent and so weak as to be almost inaudible, being rather like a forced expiration, and the pulse rapid, feeble or imperceptible. The prognosis is favorable in moderate cases subjected to early treatment. The termination by _suppuration_ is more frequent than in the horse. The general symptoms are ameliorated, appetite and rumination return though they remain capricious and irregular, there remains the double action of the flanks, the dry, rough muzzle, the tense, inelastic skin, frequently varying in temperature, the beast shivers at intervals, the cough is weak and often repeated, a yellowish thick discharge takes place from the nose, weakness and emaciation increases and the animal dies in from twenty to thirty days. Gangrene of the lung sometimes supervenes and is indicated by similar symptoms as in the horse. In severe and prolonged cases a violent fetid diarrhœa often supervenes and hastens a fatal result.