In chickens exposure and neglect are alleged causes. Foul coops and the contrast between the warm building and cold outer air are justly blamed. Ruffled feathers, drooping head, dark colored comb and wattles, trailing wings, a disposition to gape, panting and cough are noticed. Under the wings and over the back crepitations and dulness may be detected. The patient may take a teaspoonful of castor oil, and saltpetre or iodide of potassium may be given in the drinking water. In careful doses the other remedial measures may be attempted. _Pneumonia in birds._ Causes, exposure, neglect, foul coops, hot, close houses, etc. Symptoms, erect plumage, drooping head, wings, and tail, dark comb, gaping, panting, cough, crepitation. Treatment, hygienic, laxative, febrifuge. ACUTE PLEURISY IN THE HORSE. PLEURITIS. Causes, cold, damp, soils and exposures, as with rheumatism, youth, vigor, heavy diet, digestion, or hepatic disorder, over-exertion, perspiration and succeeding chill, wading or swimming rivers, standing in snow, salted snow, rain, sleet, snow, draughts between open doors and windows, clipping, cold sponging of legs, tuberculosis, a common cause in man and cattle is rare in horses, surface pneumonias, cancers, actinomycosis, tumors. Traumas from broken rib, penetrating intercostal wound, blows, contusions, ruptured pulmonary or intercostal abscess. Irritant (infectious) exudate suggests microbes. Symptoms, chill, reaction, partial sweats, pawing, pointing one foot, hyperthermia, hard, jarring pulse, hurried breathing, inspiration catching, pleuritic ridge, uneasy movements, hacking cough, tumors and twitching of chest muscles, tender intercostals, grunting, friction sound, subsiding with appearance of dull area below, signs of effusion, relief, dyspnœa, lifting flanks and loins, perspirations, stocking limbs, pasty swelling on sternum, effusion of same level on both sides, creaking sounds, splashing, gurgling, metallic tinkling, weakness, sinking. Signs of adhesions, compression of lung, abscess. Duration. Lesions, early formation of false membranes, pleuritic effusion, its composition, its color at different stages, dry pleurisy, sero-fibrinous, sero-fibro-purulent, hydro-pneumothorax, tubercle. Prognosis. Treatment, during the chill, warm air, clothing, drinks, injections, compresses, pilocarpin during early inflammatory stage, derivatives, dry cupping, mustard, cantharides, hot water, or air, cold applications, laxatives, calmatives, antirheumatics, alkaline agents, with bitters, diuretics, heart tonic, iodine, mercury, thoracentesis.