Percivall collects a series of cases from the _Veterinarian_ under the head of _Spasm of the Diaphragm_, a diagnosis originating in the jerking movement of the flank, a symptom which, as is shown in the above table, is common to man as well. Leblanc equally collects cases from the French veterinary journals and acknowledges their true character. One of these observed by Coulbeaux is thus described: “The respiratory movements are interrupted by a violent lifting of the flanks, confined to the upper part, and so intense as to be appreciated by the hand as well as the eye. The lifting of the flank which is limited to a few square inches of surface precisely in the hollow of this region, is perfectly isochronous with the beats of the heart, which cannot be appreciated but by the ear.” A case reported by Levrat at greater length may also be given. The subject a mare, fifteen years old, and kept for hire, was attacked without any known cause. “There was a jerking of the whole body produced by the extraordinary force of the beats of the heart which struck violently against the back towards the upper ends of the first asternal ribs on the left side. The shock is very distinct and does not appear to be due to any tumor interposed between the heart and the ribs; its force is such that it causes a movement of the whole body, which can be seen at a great distance. The beats of the heart very regular, numbering fifty per minute, were heterochronous with the pulsations of the submaxillary artery, which are of the same number.” (The pulsation was evidently retarded). “The pulse was soft and regular. The breathing was peculiar. On approaching the ear to the nostrils the animal is heard to make three successive inspirations which coincide with the beats of the heart; each of these inspirations is followed by an expiration so short and feeble that the expired air can not be felt; the fourth is followed by full expiration sustained during three beats of the heart.” This form of respiration was continued without intermission for an entire day. In three cases observed at the Lyons Veterinary School the disease continued for eight days. In all these and twenty more observed by Leblanc, the patients invariably recovered. The steady persistence of the disease for several days and the subsequent complete recovery under the unaided action of digitalis would seem to warrant the conclusion that such cases were really accompaniments of structural diseases of the heart and not mere functional disorders. Even inflammation of the lining membrane of the heart often exists without any obvious fever or other manifest symptom of illness, and in the dissecting rooms of medical schools nothing is more common than to find traces of pre-existing heart disease in patients whose whole life had been passed without the suspicion of such a malady.