and sudden death. Pure hypertrophy rarely implies imminent danger unless dependent on some pre-existing structural disease which impedes the freedom of the circulation. If excessive, however, or if associated with dilatation the animal is short-winded and unfit for all but the slowest work. It predisposes to congestion or apoplexy of the lungs when its seat is the right ventricle, and to congestions and hemorrhage in other parts of the system, brain, kidney, lungs, liver, bowels, if in the left. Asthma (dogs), heaves (horses), emphysema and tuberculosis in cattle are occasional complications attended by grave symptoms. _Treatment._ In advanced cases and such as are dependent on irremovable structural changes in the lungs or elsewhere no treatment is of any avail. In recent and uncomplicated cases in the horse and cow and in some more advanced conditions in other animals, not used for work, a palliative treatment may be profitably adopted. This consists in a nitrogenous restricted and gently laxative diet, perfect rest in fattening oxen and other animals, or in the horse moderate and carefully regulated work, and as a medicament the use of digitalis or aconite. No known remedy has any power to directly check the growth of the heart and the utmost that can be expected of these agents is to lessen the activity of the heart’s action and retard its growth. Digitalis may be given as recommended for palpitation, or aconite in the form of tincture 20 drops for horses and cattle and 1 to 2 drops for dogs, repeated four times daily. Strophanthus may replace digitalis. When depletion seems advisable purgatives or diuretics should be given as appears most applicable to the particular case. Iodide of potassium has been strongly recommended. When extreme dilatation exists with the hypertrophy, sedatives should be given cautiously and their effects carefully watched as the heart is often dangerously susceptible to depressing influences. When the disease has advanced so far as to cause abundant dropsical effusions it is futile to resort to treatment as amelioration can rarely be looked for, not even to the extent of allowing an animal to be fattened.