Yet in a certain number of cases a moderate dose of aloes or castor oil supplemented by frequent enemata and other measures, succeeds in safely overcoming the obstruction. The solid impacted mass is gradually softened and removed, and finally after perhaps three or four days of complete obstruction the fæces begin to pass and recovery ensues. With or without the aloes, the hypodermic use of pilocarpin or eserine or both will often succeed in obtaining successful peristalsis. Barium chloride while inducing more active peristalsis is, on that account, somewhat more dangerous. Pain may be moderated and fermentation checked by chloral hydrate (½ oz.), or, an anodyne, morphia (2–4 grs.), may be given hypodermically. In the absence of these, extract of hyoscyamus or belladonna (2 drs.) may be given by the mouth, and repeated as may be necessary. If tympany is dangerous use the trochar and cannula. Enemata and other accessory measures must not be neglected. W. Williams has resorted to rectal injections of 2 oz. aloes forced into the rectum by a syringe furnished with a long elastic tube, and repeated when expelled. Brusasco has used copious liquid injections poured into a rectal tube the end of which is raised at least ten feet above the croup, so as to gain the requisite force. Schadrin uses injections of cold water to stimulate the bowels to contractions. Injections of oils or mucilaginous matters when they can be carried far enough lubricate the walls and favor the passage of solid matters. Castor oil which acts to a large extent locally is especially applicable. Mechanical applications are often valuable. If the obstruction is lodged in the rectum or floating colon it can usually be reached by the oiled hand and carefully extracted. If this is not successful, impactions in the floating colon or pelvic flexure may still be to a large extent broken up and loosened by the knuckles of the oiled hand in the rectum. I have often resorted to this with excellent effect. Impactions in the cæcum or elsewhere in the double colon are however inaccessible for such treatment. For these, external measures are available. Wilhelm wraps the abdomen in cold compresses. Causse and Lafosse recommend the electric current. Friction to the skin of the abdomen is a common resort. Rudofsky turns the animal on his side or his back, to remove the weight of the small intestines from the impacted cæcum or colon, and favor the exit by gravitation of the contents from the cæcum into the colon. Kneading of the abdomen with the fists or knee when in this recumbent position may also be resorted to.