Text book of veterinary medicine, Volume 2 (of 5)Law, James
Science
Text book of veterinary medicine, Volume 2 (of 5)
Law, James
Veterinary medicine
Prominent symptoms, asthenia and vertigo. Vary with cryptogam, merge
into zymotic diseases. Causes: grain harvested damp and moulded,
bluish or greenish, hay greenish white, brown or black, clover
reddish, musty fodder, and diuresis, indigestion, gastric intestinal
and systemic paresis, somnolence, delirium. Rusts, spring and summer,
their evolution. Bunt, smut, produce fever and paralysis, spasms,
abortions and dry gangrene, buccal erosions; evolution of ergot, honey
dew on leguminous plants causing skin disease, bacterial ferments,
diplococcus, streptococcus from foul water, causing enteritis.
Symptoms: _adynamic_, dullness, blunted sense, pendent head, ears,
eyelids, congested, yellow, ecchymosed conjunctiva, fever, tympany,
colic, constipation, dung small, round, coated masses, vertigo,
sometimes fatal diarrhœa, or colliquative diuresis; _vertiginous_:
fever, anorexia, yellow mucosæ, tardy breathing, costiveness colics,
stupor, somnolence, giddiness, heavy steps, stumbling, delirium, push
head against wall, clinch jaws, grind teeth, make walking or trotting
or plunging motions, or pull on halter and fall, amaurosis, paralysis,
coma. Remissions. Death in one day or upward. Resumption of functions
and recovery. Diagnosis: from meningo-encephalitis. Lesions:
gastro-intestinal congestion, infiltration, ecchymosis, fermenting
ingesta, congestion of mesenteric glands, liver, brain and meninges.
Leucin and tyrosin in urine. Treatment: stomach pump, antiferments,
potassium iodide, purgatives, enemata; for brain, bleeding, sedatives,
ice, snow, elevation, derivatives, prevent mechanical injury.
The most prominent features of cryptogamic poisoning in these animals
are asthenia and vertigo. In dealing with such poisoning, however, we
must bear in mind that we have in hand, not one particular disease but a
group, differing among themselves according to the cryptogam and its
products which may be present:—a group moreover which overlaps more or
less the true zymotic diseases.
_Causes._ Oats, barley and other grain or fodder which has been put up
damp, and especially ground feed, becomes speedily overgrown and
permeated with moulds, especially =penicillium glaucus=, =aspergillus
flavus= and =glaucus=, =mucor racemosus=, and =ascophora mucedo= which
give a bluish or greenish color and heavy odor, rob it of its nutritive
constituents and charge it with toxic products. On mouldy hay it is
common to find =aspergillus candidus=, =botrytis grisea=, =torula
herbariorum=, and =eurotium herbarium= which form a greenish white or
brownish dust. The =spœria herbarium= is characterized by small black or
brown spots with yellowish, brown or black spores. The peronspora
trifolium attacks growing clover (clover sickness) and =isaria
fuciformis= the fescue grasses. The latter has a red color and mucous
consistency and is charged with producing fatal poisoning in cattle.
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