=Ruminants.= Simple spasmodic colic is usually transient and may be successfully treated by driving around, giving copious warm water injections, and using morphia subcutem. Frictions to the abdomen with straw wisps, or with oil of turpentine should be tried. Should these fail there is a presumption of further trouble and no time should be lost in giving a laxative (Glauber salts) 1 to 2 pounds, or castor oil 1 quart, with antispasmodics and stimulants as for the horse. =Swine.= The antispasmodic treatment may be tried on the pig, but usually it is well to give a purgative at once in combination with the narcotic. Castor oil 4 ounces, laudanum ½ drachm, or jalap 2 drachms, and extract of hyoscyamus 20 grains in electuary. Warm injections and embrocations to the abdomen are desirable. =Dog.= It is usually well to give a purgative at once (jalap ½ drachm) with 10 to 20 drops laudanum according to size. Copious injections of warm water and a warm bath may follow. Chloral hydrate 20 to 60 grains, may be exhibited by the rectum; also ether 1 drachm, in olive oil. CONSTIPATION FROM INTESTINAL ATONY. Definition. Symptomatic. Causes: habit of retention in horse, dog and cat, indigestible matters in colon, calculi, dry food, lack of water, fever, diuresis, diaphoresis, milking, bleeding, hepatic torpor, verminous thrombi, old age, debility, nervous disease, matting of hairs, hæmorrhoids, abdominal suffering. Lesions: dilatation and catarrh of bowel, disease of rectum. Symptoms: solipeds—small, dry, coated, infrequent stools, straining, inappetence, tympany, colic, stretching as if to urinate; dog, fruitless straining, or dry, earthy looking fæces, coated, bloody, fœtid, anus swollen, tender, moist, palpitation, colic, vomiting, diarrhœa may fruitlessly occur, male urinates like bitch, foul, fœtid mouth; may last days or months; complications, sequelæ. Treatment: solipeds—exercise, pasturage, cold water before morning feed, regular regimen, bran, flaxseed, carrots, turnips, ensilage, common salt, Glauber salts, nux, cold injection, glycerine, barium chloride, purgative, enemata; dog:—mechanical unloading of the rectum and colon, injections, exercise, water, regular habits, laxative food, eserine, oil, calomel, jalap, podophyllin, colocynth, belladonna, nux vomica, abdominal massage, electricity. _Definition._ Constipation consists in dryness, hardness, and undue retention of the fæces. It has of course many grades and may lay claim to many different causes, so that it might, like its antithesis diarrhœa, be held as merely a symptom of another disease. It has however such a definite character, that it is convenient to retain the name to designate those cases in which the torpor or atony is the most prominent and dominating feature, while other forms of obstruction will be treated under different heads.