_Traumatic causes_ appear in the form of contusions and bruises from without, but much more frequently from foreign bodies, and probangs operating from within. The use of a whip or of a rope without a cup-shaped end for the relief of a choked animal. Short of the occurrence of laceration this often produces contusion and abrasion which results in local inflammation. Even the too forcible dislodgment of a solid body by a probang of approved pattern, may bruise and scratch the gullet when the seat of violent spasm. Pins, needles, wire, thorns and other sharp bodies are liable to do serious damage during their passage in an ordinary bolus and when they transfix the mucosa violent infective inflammation may ensue. _Extension inflammations_ from the throat, and from phlegmous, abscesses, tumors, etc., in the jugular furrow need only be mentioned in this connection, as the primary disease will be clearly in evidence. _Lesions._ These are usually circumscribed when due to a traumatic injury and extended when caused by caustics or irritants. The affected section is swollen, and surrounded by some serous effusion. When the muscular coat is involved it is often paler than normal, and microscopically shows extensive granular and fatty degeneration. The mucosa usually sloughs off its epithelial layer, sometimes over an extensive area (thoracic portion, Renault; whole gullet, Bertheol), and the exposed raw surface is of a deep red or violet. When the epithelium is not shed, it is infiltrated, swollen and friable breaking down under the slightest manipulation. Petechiæ and slight blood extravasations are abundant, and diffuse suppuration is not uncommon. In traumatic injuries necrosed areas are found in the muscular and mucous coats. Strictures, dilatations, and polypoid growths are liable to follow as sequelæ.