_Treatment._ In all cases of phrenitis, quiet, darkness, and coolness are especially demanded. For the horse a roomy, loose box or a well fenced yard may be secured, and if he can be secured by a halter from a point above the level of the head and in the centre of the box it will obviate the increase of congestion by hanging of the head. The application of cold to the cranium in the form of wet cloths, ice bags or irrigation is always in order, and should be continued so long as heat of the head and other indications of cranial hyperæmia last. In the _horse_ suffering, as is so often the case, from narcotic poisoning an active purgative is one of the first considerations to clear away any remains of the poison from the _prima viæ_. An ounce of aloes may be safely given, as there is in this case little danger of superpurgation, and, to secure an even more prompt response, eserine (1½ grain) or barium chloride (½ drachm) may be given subcutem. Or an ounce or two of glycerine by the rectum might be used as a substitute for these last. The action of the purgative proves not only eliminant and therefore antidotal, but it is a most effective derivative from the brain. When the restlessness or excitement is very great we may use acetanilid, trional, sulphonal or some one of the many brain sedatives and antithermics. Sedatives, or anodynes like opium, which tend to increase cerebral congestion are dangerous. Bleeding from the jugular or temporal artery, has been objected to on the ground that it tends to increase the exudate and therefore the pressure and cerebral anæmia. On the other hand it often proves of great value in vigorous, muscular and plethoric horses in temporarily lessening the blood pressure in the brain, and affording the walls of the overcharged capillaries an opportunity to resume a more normal tone and to control that very exudation which is so much dreaded. It is most effective in the early stages when little or no exudation has taken place and may then be pushed to the extent of producing a perceptible softening of the pulse (4, 6 or 8 quarts). Even in the advanced stages when exudation has led to stupor or coma a moderate and carefully guarded bleeding may favor reabsorption of the liquid exudate. In weak and anæmic cases in which general bleeding appears to be contra-indicated the shaving of the cranial surface followed by leeching or wet cupping can be safely resorted to. Counter-irritants like bleeding are denounced and advocated by different practitioners. In cases of extreme hyperæsthesia where excitement and fever would be dangerously increased by their use, they must be discarded, or used only in the modified form of soothing hot fomentations to the extremities. Where there is less sensitiveness mustard poultices or pulp applied on the sides of the neck, or upon the limbs, or even more energetic blisters will be of great service.