If no distinct symptoms are found he should then be examined under other conditions. In taking out of the stable how does he turn in the stall or back out of it, and in what way does he approach the door, clumsily or with difficulty? When moved in a circle, does he sway or stagger? Can he back when mounted or attached to a heavy carriage? Can he execute all these movements satisfactorily after the respiration and circulation have been excited by walking, trotting or galloping in hand or otherwise? In case of difficulty in backing, in the absence of the other diagnostic symptoms, he must see that this does not arise from other causes. Some untrained horses have not been taught to back and cannot be made to do so at once. Some refuse to back from indocility or stubbornness, but can perform the act if induced in other ways, as in having a narrow stall. Sometimes a sore mouth, from a hard bit may make a horse nervous and obstinate so that he will seek to escape in any other way rather than by backing under steady pressure of the bit. Sometimes he will back all right under a halter. In all such cases of simple obstinacy or fear of pain, the absence of the other symptoms is strongly suggestive. If the horse has a well-developed cranium, a full bright, alert eye, firmness of lips, intelligent expression, readiness to appreciate and respond to all noises, words, touches or other causes of excitement, plenty of fire and spirit, and an absence of any apathy, dulness, awkwardness of movement or position of the limbs, or of any other sign of failing nervous power he may be considered free from this affection, even if he refuses to back in a docile manner. In other cases there is a distinct physical incapacity quite apart from any brain disorder. Sprains or anchylosis of the back or loins or anchylosis or painful arthritis of the hocks, may hinder backing. The diagnosis from encephalitis and other inflammatory affections associated with stupor, rests on the absence of hyperthermia, of the congestion of the orbital and nasal mucosæ, of the heat of the head and of the paroxysmal attacks of excitement which characterize these diseases. CEREBRO-SPINAL MENINGITIS.