Physiological action on nervous system. Sources: near smelting furnaces on vegetation; paints; paint scrapings in manure and on soils; lead packing of pumps, engines, etc.; sheet lead; bullet spray; wall paper lead; leaden water pipes or cisterns; lead acetate; painted buckets; painted silo; lead compounds in arts. Experiments on animals. Accidental poisoning: =horse=, fever, gray nasal discharge, salivation, convulsions, paralysis, dyspnœa. =Cattle=, emaciation, dyspnœa, palsy, tonic spasm of flexors of limbs, swollen carpus, death in a few months. Young worst. =Sheep=, lambs paretic. =Swine= in pens escaped, those at large suffered. Post mortem; lead or lead compounds in stomach, or shown by analysis, in gastric contents, liver, spleen, kidney, etc. Tests. Treatment: hydrosulphuric or sulphuric acid, sulphate of magnesia or soda, antispasmodics; in chronic cases, potassium iodide, bitters. The physiological action of lead is exerted on the nervous system, so that lead poisoning may be appropriately enough treated of as a disease of the nervous system. _Sources._ The sources of lead as a poison for animals are extremely varied. In England in the vicinity of lead mines and smelting furnaces it is deposited from the air in a fine powder, and consumed with the vegetation. Herapath found that the deposit, in dangerous amount, began half a mile from the chimney of the smelter and extended about half a mile further. A second source is in lead paints used about farms and the scrapings of paint pots thrown out with manure and spread upon the fields. These lead combinations will last for years in the soil or on the surface, being plowed under one year and turned up again the next when the occasion of their presence has been completely forgotten. In one case I found the red lead paint marked by the tongues of cattle at the back of an abandoned cottage the fence around which had been broken down. In another the scrapings were found in an orchard which had been near and convenient for throwing them out. In a third case a paint can hung on the branch of an apple tree, well out of the way of the stock as the owner fondly supposed, showed in its contents the marking of the barbed tongues of the cattle. In a fourth case a barrel of paint was set under the barn where there was not height enough to admit the matured cattle, but it bore the marks of licking by the young stock, and they alone died but in such numbers that the owner concluded it must be the “Rinderpest.” The lead packing from the joints of pumps, engines and other machinery, thrown away around works and mines, is a common source of the trouble. I once found large quantities in the gastric contents of cows that had died around a coal mine in Ayrshire, Scotland.