_Treatment._ Such cases are not hopeful. Cold to the affected part of the spine, keeping the patient in slings to solicit the good effect of gravitation, and giving ergot or lead acetate internally are among the first indications. Later, the treatment would be practically the same as for meningitis or myelitis. In case of complete paralysis from the sudden formation of a large clot, it has even been advised to cut down on the seat of the injury and evacuate the blood, using antiseptic precautions. SPINA BIFIDA. This is an elastic swelling consisting of the spinal meninges enclosing a liquid, and in some cases the spinal cord as well, and protruding between the unclosed laminæ of the vertebral rings, usually in the region of the sacrum or loins. It is essentially an arrest of development on the part of the vertebræ and enveloping muscles and skin, and an extension of the cord and effusion of the meningeal and central spinal liquids, in the absence of their bony and muscular support. Hydrocephalus is no uncommon complication. The _diagnosis_ may be based on the presence of an elastic, somewhat transparent tumor, projecting from the vertebral spines, at birth. If it contains a segment of the cord it is usually flattened, depressed on the summit and often associated with paralysis. As occurring in the lower animals this need not be treated. In man, careful antisepsis and evacuation followed by injection of a solution of iodine 10 grs., iodide of potassium 30 grs., and glycerine 1 oz., have, in favorable cases, secured obliteration of the sac, but even then the recovery has rarely been complete and permanent. Paralysis and death have usually supervened. SPINAL CARIES. TUBERCULAR OR OTHER INFECTIVE DISEASE OF THE VERTEBRÆ. Spinal caries in old horses, sprains, fractures, infections; caries often confined to articulating processes: anatomical form: Axoido-atloid caries from poll evil, concussions, fights, rachitis. Tubercle of bone and intervertebral cartilage in cattle. Symptoms: distortion, stiffness, rigidity; stands day and night, sensory and motor paralysis: localization of lesion; dyspnœa; spastic palsy back of lesion; effect on tail, sphincters. Diagnosis: progressive tenderness and stiffness of spine, distortion, localized exaltation or depression of nervous function, osteoporosis, rachitis, caries, tubercle, melanoma, abscess, infectious disease. Treatment: Sling in narrow stall, good food, pure air, sunshine, tonics, phosphates.