_Symptoms._ Injuries and disease of the vertebræ may last for a length of time without implicating the spinal cord or nerves. They may then cause only distortion, with stiffness or rigidity of the spinal column. When, however, the displacement of the injured, carious or tubercular bones, the distension of the abscess or the increase of the hyperplasia leads to pressure on the nerve roots, the meninges or cord, nervous symptoms are likely to be developed. Compression of the nerve roots—sensory or motor—may cause sensory or motor paralysis or both, limited to particular areas the outline of which will point to the precise seat of the lesion. If in the recti of the head and other muscles of the neck, it points to the anterior cervical vertebræ. If in the fore limbs, it points to the posterior bones of the neck. The implication of the diaphragm would incriminate the fourth and fifth cervical vertebræ. If in the crural muscles or those of the quarter and thigh, the lumbar vertebræ must be looked to. The implication of the nerves of the back, while impairing the functions of the intercostal and abdominal muscles, produce less marked symptoms than when the limbs are involved. When the disease extends deeper so as to implicate the meninges and especially the cord, there is evidence of impairment or interruption of conduction in the cord in addition to the simple involving of the nerves that emerge at that point. Thus serious disease or pressure on the cervical part of the cord in front of the fourth vertebra will make respiration difficult or impossible and speedy asphyxia may ensue. The paralysis of all parts behind the lesion is overlooked, in view of the fatal nature of the paralysis of the intercostals and diaphragm. If the interruption of conduction is incomplete there may be spastic paralysis and hyperæsthesia in the limbs and trunk back of the lesion. If the dorsal cord is involved so as to render conduction imperfect there will be at first imperfect control of parts posterior to the lesion, and when still further implicated, flaccid or spastic paralysis, especially of the hind limbs and tail. When it implicates the lumbar region in addition to the paralysis named for the dorsal, there will be incontinence of urine and even relaxation of the anal sphincter. In a case of acute tuberculosis in a cow, supervening on an ancient tuberculous lesion, as seen by the author, there were imperfect control of the hind limbs and uncertain gait, with tenderness of the dorsal region as if the animal had sprain of the back.