In other cases, with adhesions, impactions, obstructions, and congestions, all the violent motions of the most intense spasmodic colic may be shown. Where there has been rupture of the obstructed bowel, these symptoms may merge into those of peritonitis, septic infection, or collapse. When with these symptoms of intestinal disorder, there are tender loins and flank, abdominal plenitude and tension, genital excitement, frequent straining to pass urine, the discharge of a glairy or fœtid liquid, and when all these symptoms have increased slowly for weeks or months in a female, the ovaries may be suspected and a rectal examination should be made. Usually the outline of the womb can be made out with the enlarged and irregularly shaped ovary anteriorly and adherent to it through one of the broad ligaments; it may be sensitive to touch, tense, or even fluctuating. Difficulty may be encountered when the enlarged ovary is so great as to fill the whole region, or when adherent to or wound round the rectum, thus hindering the advance of the hand or the movement of the gut, or when it has become pediculated and displaced to a distant part of the abdomen. Even the obstructed and distended intestine, may prevent a satisfactory diagnosis. Yet in the great majority of cases rectal examination gives conclusive results. _Treatment._ Medicinal measures are useless: surgical alone are of any avail. Castration is the natural resort, and in all recent cases, uncomplicated by adhesions, is to be preferred. In the large females it may often be performed through the vagina, but if the ovary is very large the flank operation becomes imperative. Sometimes the evacuation through a cannula of the contents of one or more large cysts will so reduce the mass as to allow of the safer vaginal operation. A less radical measure is the evacuation of the cyst with cannula and trochar and the injection of tincture of iodine. With a hand in the rectum the ovary may be held against the abdominal wall to facilitate the operation. The results, however, are not satisfactory, for, although re-accumulation of the liquid is delayed, it is not entirely prevented. Moreover, when the cysts are multiple, the punctures also must be numerous, or remain ineffective. Nor is the operation unattended by danger as deaths often occur from resulting inflammation, infection, or iodine poisoning.