_Inflammation of the oviduct_ is a common condition resulting from debility, from impaction of an egg or of egg-material, from scratching with the shell of a broken egg, and from microbian invasion. The frequent passage of large eggs is an accessory cause, and the egg becomes an important factor in the maintenance and aggravation of the inflammation. The mucosa becomes red, dry, infiltrated, thickened and friable, and the muscular coat increasingly paretic. The egg, becoming impacted, and subjected to constant pressure in the vain efforts at expulsion, hinders circulation and nutrition, and favors necrotic and ulcerative processes, and too often the fragile membranous walls yield, and the mass drops into the abdominal cavity. Short of this, the exudate at a particular point, the main seat of inflammation, contracting in undergoing organization, forms a distinct stricture, which renders the further laying of fully formed eggs difficult or impossible, and further impaction, inflammation and rupture may follow. Sometimes the irritation causes undue peristalsis in the anterior and less actively inflamed part of the tube, and the eggs are laid prematurely without albumen or without shell, yet with much effort and suffering. Or the bowels become irritable and a profuse diarrhœa sets in, hastening the exhaustion of the patient. _Treatment_ should be applied early. A cooling diet of vegetables or slops, the careful removal of all irritating contents from the oviduct, and its frequent injection with bland oils medicated with mild antiseptics (boric or salicylic acid, or potassium permanganate) will usually serve a good purpose. HYDROMETRA AND PYOMETRA. Cause: chronic metritis, tumors, microbian infection. Symptoms: ill-health, low condition, vulvar swelling or discharge, swelling and fluctuation of womb. Rectal exploration. Treatment: evacuate liquid, disinfect womb and passages, creolin, iodine. As a rule these conditions belong to obstetrics and would not come under the scope of this volume, but when in chronic cases, with closure of the neck of the womb, the liquids accumulate and distend the uterus, they may deserve mention in a medical work. The _cause_ is usually a chronic metritis, originating it may be at the time of a now distant parturition, or associated with tumors or microbian invasions of the womb. In the deadly cases that follow upon parturition and abortion streptococcus is usually present, in the more chronic forms the staphylococcus or other pus microbe. The _symptoms_ are those of general ill-health, low condition, pallor of the visible mucosæ, sometimes swelling of the vulva with discharge, serous or purulent, lessened milk yield, enlargement of the abdomen with fluctuation felt in the right flank, or still better with the hand in the rectum. Rectal exploration will further detect the distended uterus connected with the vagina behind and dividing in front into two horns.