Some horses have a habit of continuously raising one hind limb, others raise the right and left alternately, rocking the hind quarters from side to side, others stand with the heel of one hind foot resting on the front of the coronet of the other, while still others paw continuously with the fore feet while standing in the stall. _Treatment._ These various conditions even when begun as an expression of impatience, soon become fixed habits, that prove in the end virtually uncontrollable by an animal, which has no strong will and no consciousness of anything to be gained by resisting the impulse. They become virtual psychoses. In cases in which the habit can be traced to a peripheral irritation, the cutting off of this by complete section of the afferent nerves leading to the irritable nerve centre will sometimes succeed in effecting a cure. In other cases in which the source of the disorder is probably largely central in the cerebral ganglia, nerve tonics, and sedatives, and generally corroborative treatment are the most obvious means of palliation. Such measures are, however, rarely successful. Nourishing food and invigorating outdoor exercise are useful auxiliaries. VERTIGO. MEGRIMS. BLIND STAGGERS. Disadvantage of lack of subjective symptoms. Causes, varied, narcotics, overloaded stomach, cerebral anæmia or hyperæmia, degenerations, parasites, tumors, jugular obstruction, valvular heart disease, disease of internal ear, plethora. Susceptible animals, horse, ox, dog, pig, sheep. Direct causes: tight collar, or throat latch, flexion of head, heart disease, pulmonary disease, embolisms, gastric distension, hepatic disorder, optic vertigo, aural vertigo, injections into ear, rhigolene, chloral, acariasis, seasickness, railroad sickness, cholesteatoma, cœnurus, concussion, degeneration, softening, œstrus, linguatula, narcotics, essential oils: essential vertigo. Symptoms: in irritable animal, highly fed, and without exercise, crowds pole, his mate or a wall, shakes or jerks head, staggers, trembles, rears, plunges, falls, struggles, sweats, rolls eyes, recovers. In gastric or hepatic cases, dullness, pendent head, swaying gait, dull eye, dilated pupil, pendent lids and lips, leans on adjacent object, staggers, falls. In optic cases are obvious cause in transition to light, etc., and palliation by covering the eyes. In aural cases, rolling eyes, constrained position of ear, deafness, pharyngeal or Eustachian trouble, wax or acari in ear, tender or itchy ear. Plethoric cases in spring, in overfed, etc. Brain lesions may have fever and disordered innervation, but retained consciousness, and no marked spasm. Duration. Sheep: parasitic vertigo. Turning. Rotation. Treatment: according to cause: restrict ration, give exercise, purgative, adjust collar, breast strap, check, avoid sudden transitions of light, overdraw check, blinds, treat nasal, pharyngeal,