INTRACRANIAL HÆMORRHAGE AND THROMBOSIS. APOPLEXY. SOFTENING OF THE BRAIN. Definition. Causes: Nature: intracranial rupture, with pressure, serous effusion, excessive congestion, experimental cases, anæmia from pressure, comparative immunity of horse, heart disease, Bright’s disease, atheroma, degeneration, emboli, age, blood tension, severe exertion, excitement, concussion, insolation, venous obstruction, toxins, neoplasms. Lesions: blood clots, small and multiple, large and solitary, brain absorption, cavities, cysts. Symptoms: dullness, swaying, trembling, elevation of head, turning in circle, sudden fall, spasms, unequal dilated or contracted pupils, eyes turned to affected side, congested or anæmic mucosæ, stertor, puffing cheeks except in solipeds, pulse slow, soft, full, vomiting, stupor, coma, unconsciousness, paralysis, monoplegia, hemiplegia, sequelæ. Diagnosis: sudden unconsciousness, with little spasm, but paralysis, history, sign of trauma, deep coma, eyes turned to one side, pupils unequal, stertor, slow breathing and pulse; from uræmia, pulmonary apoplexy, œdema or anthrax. Treatment: bleeding, ice pack, snow, cold water, rest, derivatives to limbs, later purge, bromides, potassium iodide, tonics, open air life. _Definition._ Cerebral apoplexy has been defined as a sudden loss of sensation and voluntary motion, from pressure originating within the cranium and followed by paralysis, often unilateral. The definition is somewhat insufficient as regards the early symptoms as the same conditions attend on convulsions and epilepsy (haut mal), and it is only by excluding these by their characteristic features of sudden seizure with clonic spasms and their intermittent and paroxysmal habit that we reach an easy and satisfactory distinction. Later the paralysis tends to identify the apoplectic attack.