Text book of veterinary medicine, Volume 3 (of 5)Law, James
Science
Text book of veterinary medicine, Volume 3 (of 5)
Law, James
Veterinary medicine
During one of the paroxysms the trembling animal may push his head
against the wall as if pulling a heavy load; at other times he will
plunge with his feet in the manger and recoiling, fall to the ground,
where he struggles violently in an apparent effort to rise; others rear
up, pulling on the halter or breaking it and falling back over; some
pull back on the halter and throw themselves down; some grind the teeth,
or seize the manger, or strike blindly with the fore limbs. When seized
out of doors the horse may be quite uncontrollable and refuse to return
to the stable even when led by two men with double halters. In all such
cases the eye has a fixed, glaring aspect which is the more pronounced
when the pupils are dilated, the conjunctiva is deeply congested, of a
deep, brownish red with a tinge of yellow. This is usually greatly
enhanced by the bruises and extravasations caused by pushing or knocking
the head against the wall. The same violence may lead to serious bruises
and injuries elsewhere, even fractures of the orbital process or zigoma,
of the ilium or ischium, of the poll or the base of the brain; also of
the incisor teeth.
These paroxysms may be so frequent that they seem to be subject to
remissions only, and not separated by complete intermissions. During the
paroxysms breathing and pulsations are both greatly accelerated.
The gravity of the attack may be judged in part by the violence and
frequency of the paroxysms. Yet some cases, marked by profound coma from
the first, prove the most rapidly fatal, and the paroxysms of excitement
and violence are not incompatible with recovery. Improvement may usually
be recognized by the increased length of the intervals between the
paroxysms, and by the shortening and moderation of the periods of
excitement. After the paroxysms have ceased the drowsiness or stupor
gradually disappears, and the hyperthermia subsides.
Even after recovery from the acute or violent symptoms there is liable
to remain some aberration or perversion of function, due to the
persistence of some encephalic or meningeal lesion. The general hebetude
known as _immobility_ may bespeak dropsy of the ventricles, pressure of
a tumor or clot, or degeneration of ganglionic centres. Diseases of the
eyes (amaurosis, glaucoma, cataract), or of the ear (deafness, disease
of the internal or middle ear) are less frequent results.
The supervention of general or facial paralysis or of hemiplegia during
the active progress of the malady, is an extremely unfavorable symptom.
_Duration._ A fatal result may take place at any time by self inflicted
injuries (dashing the head against a wall, or falling backward and
striking the head on a solid body). Apart from this, death may come
within twenty-four or thirty-six hours. If the animal survives two to
seven days recovery is more probable. Hering records a case of recovery
after five weeks illness. Hot weather hastens a fatal result, while
cool, cloudy weather is favorable.
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