Synonyms. Definition. Historic notes. Equine influenza of 1872–3; its indication of infection. Other evidence: through stables, cars, manure, clothes, coition, inoculation. Bacteriology: streptococci; diplococci; cocco-bacillus, latter pathogenic to rodents, dog, cat, sheep, pig, ox, ass, pigeon, chicken. Inoculations on horse. Present in early stages only. Uncertainty. Accessory causes: chill, electric tension, high barometer, impure air, overwork, poor feeding, season, youth, primary susceptibility, acquired immunity. Incubation 1 to 3 days. Symptoms: Forms: sudden attack, anorexia, profound prostration, weakness, hyperthermia, epiphora, brownish red conjunctiva, pulse, heart beats, catarrhal symptoms, thoracic, pulmonary, pleuritic, cardiac, digestive, urinary, diarrhœal, ophthalmic, nervous, rheumatoid; complications, abortion, laminitis, strangles, contagious pneumonia, cerebro-spinal meningitis, etc. Lesions: inflammation of mucosæ of nose and air passages with blood unaffected; in severe attacks, with heart clots, or later with blood black, diffluent, red globules crenated or dissolved, without viscidity or rouleaux, reddish serum, and hæmatoidin in masses, acid reaction, petechiæ; congestion of mouth, stomach, small intestines or large,—ulcers, tumid follicles, peritoneal effusion, enlarged congested mesenteric glands; liver as if parboiled, with petechiæ and necrosis; spleen large and gorged; kidneys infiltrated, mottled, petechiated, swollen; may be meningeal or ophthalmic congestion; pulmonary lesions, pleural effusions, adhesions, infiltrations, consolidations, infarctions, sequestra. Diagnosis: sudden attack, great numbers attacked, marked prostration, conjunctivitis, great hyperthermia, digestive disorder, evidence of infection. Table comparing croupous and contagious pneumonia and influenza. Prognosis. Mortality low,—high in some epizoötics, in horses kept at work, under bad hygiene. Treatment: good diet and hygiene, rest, shelter, stimulating diuretics and diaphoretics, venesection, antipyretics, alkaline eliminants, inhalants—water medicated, derivatives, collyria, guarded laxatives, antiseptics, cardiac stimulants, nerve sedatives, tonics, transfusion of blood, normal salt solution,—technique. Prevention: quarantine difficult, yet possible; examples, applicability to countries, to districts, lines of restriction. _Synonyms._ Epizoötic Catarrh; Catarrhal Fever; Nervous Fever; Epizoötic; Rheumatic Catarrh; Cocotte; Gastro-enteric Epizoötic; Gastro-entero-nephro-hepatitis; Gastro-Conjunctivitis; Gastro-Hepato-meningitis; Entero-pneumo-carditis; Pink eye; Epizoötic Cellulitis; Typhose; Typhoid Fever; Blitz Catarrh; LaGrippe; Septicæmia Hæmorrhagica etc.