_a._ It almost infallibly secures the toxins of the disease prevailing in the particular herd, thus escaping the danger of using the weakened virus of emphysematous anthrax on some other disease (anthrax, Wildeseuche, Barbone, etc.), which has been mistaken for it, and which may not be prevented by this purchased product. _b._ During life the blood of emphysematous anthrax is usually free from the microbe, and even where that is present it is liable to be in very small numbers, so that we secure either the pure toxins, or if a few germs are present they are so scanty, that weakened as they are by heat, they are without danger to the animal operated on. I have never had occasion to note evil results. _c._ There is no danger of the spread of the bacillus to new territory, as we secure the material from a herd in the already infected territory, and use it only on the animals on the same land. The certainty of results with this method, and the comparative absence of danger of injury to the animal operated on, and of all risk of the extension of the area of infection appeal to me so strongly, that I would not willingly resort to the purchased products, except where it proves impossible to secure the virus on the spot. ANTHRAX. Definition. Synonyms. History and geographical distribution. Etiology: Bacillus anthracis. Susceptible animals: small rodents, sheep, horse, camel, ox, goat, deer, stag, man, swine, dog, white rat and bird when chilled, frog when heated; young most susceptible, races long exposed to infection are least. Soils, wet, dense, impermeable, basins, swamps, rich river bottoms, deltas, rich meadows, below tanneries, alkaline soils, wells with surface drainage; season: wet, hot and dry, late summer and autumn; flies; infected buildings, harness, vehicles, fodder, litter, butchers’ knives and wagons, surgical instruments; insolation; privation of water: plethora, starvation: overwork, exhaustion. Bacillus anthracis: rod, nonmotile, 5 to 20μ by 1 to 1.5μ, square ends, isolated in blood, often filamentous in cultures, sporogenous, ærobic, stains easily in aniline and iodine, killed at 131° F. (spores at 203° to 282° F.), action under chemical disinfectants, or septic ferments: air favors sporulation and survival; in shallow graves, water. Infection atria: ingestion, inhalation, inoculation, insects, placenta. Forms: fulminant, internal, febrile, local,—external,—gloss-anthrax, pharyngeal, hæmorrhoidal, subcutaneous. Lesions: blood normal in fulminant, dark, diffluent, crenated or disintegrated globules in prolonged cases, tissues brown or yellow, heart pale; liver enlarged, softened, pale, hæmorrhagic: spleen enlarged, blood-gorged, ruptured; lymph glands hyperæmic; serosæ congested, petechiated, hemorrhagic; lesions embolic and like the blood swarm with bacilli. Toxins, ptomaines. Incubation 1 to 6 days.