Text book of veterinary medicine, Volume 4 (of 5)Law, James
Science
Text book of veterinary medicine, Volume 4 (of 5)
Law, James
Veterinary medicine
Glanders appears in two primary forms—_acute_ and _chronic_, and each of
these is further divided according as the lesions are exclusively or
mainly seated in one part of the body or another. The generic term
_glanders_ is habitually used to designate that form in which the
lesions are situated in the nose, the nasal sinuses, and the
submaxillary lymphatic glands—_nasal glanders_. When the principle
lesions are situated in the lungs and lymph glands of the chest, the
case is one of _pulmonary glanders_. When the skin and subcutaneous
lymphatics are most prominently affected it is known as _farcy_ or
_cutaneous glanders_. When the skin and nose are simultaneously affected
the name _farcy glanders_ is sometimes applied. But as the bacillus may
enter by very varied channels the primary lesions may appear in still
other organs. Thus in stallions the first symptom is often a glanderous
orchitis. In other horses it may be a glanderous arthritis, and in still
others infected by ingestion it may be an abdominal infection.
_Symptoms of Nasal Glanders in Solipeds._ _Acute._ After an incubation
of three to five days the subject shows prostration, weariness,
stiffness, erection of the hair, and even tremor or shivering,
inappetence, thirst, hyperthermia, rapid pulse, weeping eyes, the
discharge becoming purulent, snuffling breathing, and a discharge from
the nose, at first serous, with a remarkable viscidity which tends to
glue together the long hairs or even the margins of the nostrils. This
discharge may be reddish, greenish, or brownish and may become
distinctly purulent and opaque. The _alæ nasi_ are swollen, hot and
painful, and the mucosa red, congested, thickened, with a blackish or
violet tint especially along the median part of the _septum nasi_. On
these, violet patches appear on the second or third day, pronounced
elevations of very varying size indicating the centres of active
hyperplasia. They are usually yellowish or grayish, surrounded by a deep
violet areola, and may become confluent forming patches. The centre of
each undergoes rapid degeneration, forming a rounded ulcer with salient
edges, a yellowish base, more or less pointed or streaked with red, and
a viscid seropurulent or bloody discharge which may concrete in crusts
or scale. The whole septum may become one continuous ulcer with
excavations of various depths surrounded by hyperplastic elevations, and
involving not only the mucosa, but even the cartilage and leading to
perforations.
From an early stage of the attack the submaxillary lymphatic glands and
the investing connective tissue become swollen, forming a mass of firm
bean- or pea-like nodules, with no excessive heat nor tenderness, and
with little disposition to suppurate and discharge. If this has lasted
for some time the glands often become more firmly attached to adjacent
parts (maxilla, tongue) by the contraction of the exudate.
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