Text book of veterinary medicine, Volume 4 (of 5)Law, James
Science
Text book of veterinary medicine, Volume 4 (of 5)
Law, James
Veterinary medicine
In _cutaneous glanders_ the lesions may begin in the papillary layer by
active congestion and infiltration and proliferation of lymphoid cells
which cause an eruption of rounded papules like small peas that
degenerate and soften and form superficial ulcers. When the derma is
mainly involved the inflamed area becomes the seat of larger hard
nodules which are at first deeply congested, with capillary thrombi,
minute extravasations and rapid cell proliferation; later on section
they show numerous caseated centres with a dense fibroid framework and
surrounded by an area of active congestion and capillary hæmorrhage;
later still the caseation and softening has caused rupture of the
investing epithelium and the discharge from the ulcerous cavity of a
yellowish, glairy, grumous liquid (open farcy buds). Sometimes the
nodule undergoes fibroid induration and fails to ulcerate, becoming the
counterpart of the cicatrices in the nose. When the infective
inflammation extends to the subcutaneous connective tissue, diffuse
engorgements and extensive swellings occur from the general infiltration
of the abundant lymph plexuses. Lymphoid cells accumulate in the
perivascular sheaths and lymph plexuses, the walls of the lymphatic
trunks running out of these swellings become swollen and indurated and
at intervals, mostly on the seat of the valves there is the
proliferation of small round cells to form farcy buds. In chronic cases
the fibroid thickening involves the skin, subcutaneous connective tissue
and walls of the lymph vessels binding the whole into one dense
resistant mass, more or less studded with corded lymphatics, firm
nodules, and ulcerous sores.
The _lymphatic glands_ in the line of circulation from the infected
centres are constantly involved. Hypertrophy, congestion, serous
infiltration, and rapid cell proliferation are present and a section
will usually show caseated or caseopurulent centres confined by the
outer dense fibrous envelope. Exceptionally, these necrosed contents
will escape through an ulcerous opening, forming a deep cavity which is
slow and difficult to heal. In the vicinity of these glands and in the
loose intermuscular connective tissue abscesses of the size of an egg or
an orange or larger are sometimes met with.
Nodules and ulcers are found on the pharyngeal and intestinal mucosa,
similar to those of the larynx.
The spleen, and less frequently the liver, may be the seat of caseating
nodules exactly comparable to those of the lungs. Glanders of the kidney
is rare.
Nodules have been seen on the ventricular endocardium and one case of
nodules of the choroid plexus (Boschetti).
In stallions, glanderous, caseating foci in the _testicle_ and dropsy of
the scrotum are common, while mares may have similar formations in the
mammary glands or ulcers of the vaginal or uterine mucosa.
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