Dump--A heap of vein stuff, etc. Exploitation--The actual mining following exploration. Fathom--Six feet. Fault--A break in a vein or bed. Float-gold--Fine grains that do not sink in the water. Float--Veinstone or ore by which a vein is traced. Flume--Wooden troughs carrying water. Flux--Material added to help fusion. Foliated--In thin layers. Gangue--Veinstone. Gouge--A selvage of clay between vein and country rock. Grade--The inclination of a ditch, etc. Grating--Perforated iron sheet, or bars with spaces. Gravel--Broken down, rounded rock fragments. Ground Sluice--A gutter in which gold is washed. Iridescent--Showing the hues of the rainbow. Litharge--Proto oxide of lead. Long Tom--A machine for saving alluvial gold. Marl--Clay containing lime. Miner's Inch--An arbitrary measure of water regulated by local custom. Mundic--Iron pyrites. Open Cut--A surface working. Outcrop--That part of a vein showing on the surface. Oxidation--A chemical union with oxygen. Oxide--Combination of a metal with oxygen. Panning--Washing gravel, or crushed rock, in a gold-miner's pan to detect gold, etc. Peroxide--The oxide of any substance that is richest in oxygen. Placer--A deposit of valuable metal in gravel. Plat--A map from an original survey. Plumbago--Graphite or black lead. Precipitate--Matter separated from a solution. Pulp--Pulverized ore mixed with water. Quarry--An open working. Quartz--Silica. Quartzose--Containing a large proportion of quartz. Reduce--To turn ore into metal by taking away oxygen. Riffle--A groove or strip to catch gold and mercury in a sluice. Roasting--Heating in contact with air. Shaft--A pit giving access to a vein or working. Stratum--Bed or layer. Striated--Marked with parallel workings. Strip--To remove overlying material from a vein. Sulphate--A salt containing sulphuric acid. Sulphide--A combination of sulphur and a metal. Sulphurets--When the miner employs this term he usually means pyrites. Tailings--The refuse matter after ore has been crushed. Throw--The movements of vein caused by a fault; it may be up or down. Translucent--If light passes through a mineral, it is translucent; if you can see the details of an object through it, it is transparent. Underlie--The same thing as dip. Unstratified--Without stratification or bedding. Wash Dirt--Auriferous gravel or clay. Whim--A machine for hoisting by a revolving drum. Winze--An interior shaft connecting the levels. Zinc--White oxide of zinc. End of Project Gutenberg's The A B C of Mining, by Charles A. Bramble