Eddington describes the process concerned in the more advanced portions
of the theory of relativity as “world-building.” The structure to be
built is the physical world as we know it; the economical architect
tries to construct it with the smallest possible amount of material.
This is a question for logic and mathematics. The greater our technical
skill in these two subjects, the more real building we shall do, and
the less we shall be content with mere heaps of stones. But before we
can use in our building the stones that nature provides, we have to
hew them into the right shapes: this is all part of the process of
budding. In order that this may be possible, the raw material must
have _some_ structure (which we may conceive as analogous to the
grain in timber), but almost any structure will do. By successive
mathematical refinements, we whittle away our initial requirements
until they amount to very little. Given this necessary minimum of
structure in the raw material, we find that we can construct from it a
mathematical expression which will have the properties that are needed
for describing the world we perceive—in particular, the properties
of conservation which are characteristic of momentum and energy (or
mass). Our raw material consisted merely of events; but when we find
that we can build out of it something which, as measured, will seem
to be never created or destroyed, it seems not surprising that we
should come to believe in “bodies.” These are really mere mathematical
constructions out of events, but owing to their permanence they are
practically important, and our senses (which were presumably developed
by biological needs) are adapted for noticing them, rather than the
crude continuum of events which is theoretically more fundamental. From
this point of view, it is astonishing how little of the real world is
revealed by physical science: our knowledge is limited, not only by the
conventional element, but also by the selectiveness of our perceptual
apparatus.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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