Capitalism; Imperialism; Saving and investment; Socialism
'In Department I, 550_s_ must be capitalised. If the former proportion
is maintained, 440 of this amount form constant capital, and 110
variable capital. These 110 must be eventually taken out of 725 II_s_,
that is to say, articles of consumption to the value of 110 are consumed
by the labourers of I instead of the capitalists of II, so that the
latter are compelled to capitalise these 110_s_ which they cannot
consume. This leaves 615 II_s_ of the 725 II_s_. But if II thus converts
these 110 into additional constant capital, it requires an additional
variable capital of 55. This again must be taken out of its surplus
value. Subtracting this amount from 615 II_s_, we find that only 560
II_s_ remain for the consumption of the capitalists of II, and we obtain
the following values of capital after accomplishing all actual and
potential transfers:
I. _(4,400c+440c) + (1,100v+110v) = 4,840c + 1,210v = 6,050_
II. _(1,600c+50c+110c) + (800v+25v+55v) = 1,760c + 88v = 2,640_
-----
Total: 8,690'[103]
This quotation is given at length since it shows very clearly how Marx
here effects accumulation in Department I at the expense of Department
II. In the years that follow, the capitalists of the provisions
department get just as rough a deal. Following the same rules, Marx
allows them in the third year to accumulate 264_s_--a larger amount this
time than in the two preceding years. In the fourth year they are
allowed to capitalise 290_s_ and to consume 678_s_, and in the fifth
year they accumulate 320_s_ and consume 745_s_. Marx even says: 'If
things are to proceed normally, accumulation in II must take place more
rapidly than in I, because that portion of I(_v + s_) which must be
converted into commodities of II_c_, would otherwise grow more rapidly
than II_c_, for which it can alone be exchanged.'[104]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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