Our three Marxists demonstrated in person that the new foundations of socialism had been frail and jerry-built. They had hardly laid down the new basis for socialism before they turned their backs on it. When the masses of Russia were staking their lives in the fight for the ideals of a social order to come, which would put the end (man) before the means (production), the 'individual' went into retreat, to find philosophical and ethical solace with Kant. In actual fact, the 'legalist' bourgeois Marxists ended up just where we should expect them to from their theoretical position--in the camp of bourgeois harmonies. FOOTNOTES: [329] Struve says in the preface to the collection of his Russian essays (published in 1901): 'In 1894, when the author published his "Critical Comments on the Problem of Economic Development in Russia", he inclined in philosophy towards positivism, in sociology and economics towards outspoken, though by no means orthodox, Marxism. Since then, the author no longer sees the whole truth in positivism and Marxism which is grounded in it (!), they no longer fully determine his view of the world. Malignant dogmatism which not only browbeats those who think differently, but spies upon their morals and psychology, regards such work as a mere "Epicurean instability of mind". It cannot understand that criticism in its own right is to the living and thinking individual one of the most valuable rights. The author does not intend to renounce this right, though he might constantly be in danger of being indicted for "instability"' (_Miscellany_, St. Petersburg, 1901). [330] Bulgakov, op. cit., p. 252. [331] Tugan Baranovski, _Studies on the Theory and History_ ..., p. 229. _SECTION THREE_ THE HISTORICAL CONDITIONS OF ACCUMULATION _CHAPTER XXV_ CONTRADICTIONS WITHIN THE DIAGRAM OF ENLARGED REPRODUCTION In the first section, we ascertained that Marx's diagram of accumulation does not solve the question of who is to benefit in the end by enlarged reproduction. If we take the diagram literally as it is set out at the end of volume ii, it appears that capitalist production would itself realise its entire surplus value, and that it would use the capitalised surplus value exclusively for its own needs. This impression is confirmed by Marx's analysis of the diagram where he attempts to reduce the circulation within the diagram altogether to terms of money, that is to say to the effective demand of capitalists and workers--an attempt which in the end leads him to introduce the 'producer of money' as a _deus ex machina_. In addition, there is that most important passage in _Capital_, volume i, which must be interpreted to mean the same.