English literature -- 18th century -- History and criticism; Pope, Alexander, 1688-1744
'_Phil._ As I am no sceptic with regard to the nature of things,
so neither am I as to their existence. That a thing should be
really perceived by my senses, and at the same time not really
exist is to me a plain contradiction; since I cannot prescind or
abstract even in thought, the existence of a sensible thing from
its being perceived. Wood, stones, fire, water, flesh, iron, and
the like things, which I name and discourse of, are things that
I know. And I should not have known them but that I perceived
them by my senses; and things perceived by the senses are
immediately perceived; and things immediately perceived are
ideas; and ideas cannot exist without the mind; their existence
therefore consists in being perceived; when therefore they are
actually perceived there can be no doubt of their existence....
I might as well doubt of my own being, as of the being of those
things I actually see and feel.
'_Hyl._ Not so fast, _Philonous_; you say you cannot conceive
how sensible things should exist without the mind. Do you not?
'_Phil._ I do.
'_Hyl._ Supposing you were annihilated, cannot you conceive it
possible that things perceivable by sense may still exist?
'_Phil._ I can; but then it must be in another mind. When I deny
sensible things an existence out of the mind, I do not mean my
mind in particular, but all minds. Now, it is plain they have an
existence exterior to my mind; since I find them by experience
to be independent of it. There is therefore some other mind
wherein they exist, during the intervals between the times of my
perceiving them; as likewise they did before my birth, and
would do after my supposed annihilation. And as the same is true
with regard to all other finite created spirits, it necessarily
follows there is an _omnipresent, eternal Mind_, which knows and
comprehends all things, and exhibits them to our view in such a
manner, and according to such rules, as He Himself hath
ordained, and are by us termed the _Laws of Nature_.'
'Truth is the cry of all,' says Berkeley in the final paragraph
of _Siris_, 'but the game of a few. Certainly, where it is the
chief passion, it doth not give way to vulgar cares and views,
nor is it contented with a little ardour, active perhaps to
pursue, but not so fit to weigh and revise. He that would make a
real progress in knowledge, must dedicate his age as well as
youth, the latter growth as well as firstfruits at the altar of
truth.'
Elsewhere in this famous treatise he writes:
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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