"As I see that we cannot forbid men all diversions," sighed Calvin, "I
confine myself to those that are really bad." This class was
sufficiently large. The {172} theater was denounced from the pulpit,
especially when the new Italian habit of giving women's parts to
actresses instead of to boys was introduced. According to Calvin's
colleague Cop, "the women who mount the platform to play comedies are
full of unbridled effrontery, without honor, having no purpose but to
expose their bodies, clothes, and ornaments to excite the impure
desires of the spectators. . . . The whole thing," he added, "is very
contrary to the modesty of women who ought to be shamefaced and shy."
Accordingly, attendance on plays was forbidden.
[Sidenote: Supervision of conduct]
Among other prohibited amusements was dancing, especially obnoxious as
at that time dances were accompanied by kisses and embraces. Playing
cards, cursing and swearing were also dealt with, as indeed they were
elsewhere. Among the odd matters that came before the Consistory were:
attempted suicide, possessing the _Golden Legend_ (a collection of
saints' lives called by Beza "abominable trash"), paying for masses,
betrothing a daughter to a Catholic, fasting on Good Friday, singing
obscene songs, and drunkenness. A woman was chastized for taking too
much wine even though it did not intoxicate. Some husbands were mildly
reprimanded, not for beating their wives which was tolerated by
contemporary opinion, but for rubbing salt and vinegar into the wales.
Luxury in clothing was suppressed; all matters of color and quality
regulated by law, and even the way in which women did their hair. In
1546 the inns were put under the direct control of the government and
strictly limited to the functions of entertaining--or rather of
boarding and lodging--strangers and citizens in temporary need of them.
Among the numerous rules enforced within them the following may be
selected as typical:
[Sidenote: Rules for inns]
If any one blasphemes the name of God or says, "By {173} the body,
'sblood, zounds" or anything like, or who gives himself to the devil or
uses similar execrable imprecations, he shall be punished. . . .
If any one insults any one else the host shall be obliged to deliver
him up to justice.
If there are any persons who make it their business to frequent the
said inns, and there to consume their goods and substance, the host
shall not receive them.
Item the host shall be obliged to report to the government any insolent
or dissolute acts committed by the guests.
Item the host shall not allow any person of whatever quality he be, to
drink or eat anything in his house without first having asked a
blessing and afterwards said grace.
Item the host shall be obliged to keep in a public place a French
Bible, in which any one who wishes may read, and he shall not prevent
free and honest conversation on the Word of God, to edification, but
shall favor it as much as he can.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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