These grains are easily stored, and keep in good condition for a long time. Flour is made from the grain by grinding, and both the grain and leaves are used for cattle food. From the malted grain of millet, and sometimes of Guinea corn, an intoxicating beverage is made which is known as “Gir” (Haussa). A fine grass seed called “Acha” (_Digitaria ternata_) is grown in the fields with millet, and attains a height of about two and a half feet. It is used for making a sort of porridge. “Tomba” (_Eleusine coracana?_) and “Iboru” are grown in a similar manner. The composition, nutritive value and commercial value of several of these food grains are fully dealt with in the _Bulletin of the Imperial Institute_, vol. vii. [1909], p. 148. [Illustration: BRITISH COTTON GROWING ASSOCIATION GINNERY, OGUDU, ILORIN. Fig. 34, p. 139.] [Illustration: GWARI TOWN, OPPOSITE MINNA, SOUTH OF ZARIA. Fig. 35, p. 155.] [Illustration: COW FULANI WOMAN SELLING MILK AT GWARI. Fig. 36, p. 163.] =MAIZE.=—“Mussara” (Haussa) is the name applied to this plant (_Zea mays_). The crop is more common in the Niger valley among the Nupe and Yoruba people than in the higher plateaux of Zaria and Kano. It is probable that maize requires a larger rainfall than the grain crops which have been mentioned above—which may account for the infrequency of its cultivation in the dry country. Among the Gwari pagans, inhabiting the country in the vicinity of Minna, and the Nupe people to the south, fairly large quantities of maize are grown and seem to represent the chief food crop. The sowers drop only one seed, or at most two, into the drills, where they would put five or six Guinea-corn seeds. The only variety grown commonly has a bright yellow grain and is apparently a three-months’ crop; being sown at the commencement and in the middle of the rains, thus giving two crops in the year in some localities. An illustration is given at Fig. 35 showing a view of the Gwari town at Minna. =WHEAT.=—The cultivation of wheat is confined to the drier parts of Northern Nigeria, where it is grown as a rainfall as well as an irrigated crop. In Zaria it is frequently sown in October, and occupies land which may have been under rice cultivation just previously. Goat manure is especially applied to wheat, and irrigation is carried out from wells or by the employment of shadufs on the banks of streams. This crop is harvested in January. In Kano, wheat is more generally grown as a rainfall-crop in similar situations, and is, in this case, sown in May, being harvested in September.