The exact time of Antonine’s murder is, as we have said, most uncertain.
Dion ascribes to him a tenure of power lasting 3 years 9 months and 4
days from the day of the battle in which he gained supreme command—8th
June 218. This fixes the day of his death as 11th March 222. It is
a statement with which the editors of the _Prosopographia_, Groebe,
Salzer, and Rubensohn, all agree. The _Liber generationis_[59] gives
6 years 8 months and 28 days, and is supported by the _Chronicle_ of
354, which gives equally explicitly 6 years 8 months and 18 days. The
discrepancy is at first sight most disconcerting, especially as the two
latter statements are both—at least nominally—official. The coins limit
the reign to four years at the outside, in consequence of which some
explanation has to be found for the extraordinary addition of three
years in both the _Chronicle_ and the _Liber generationis_. Mommsen has
suggested that a deflection of the two first strokes of III in the number
of the years has created the error in both these documents. Later writers
have accounted for the difference between Dion’s VIIII months and the
VIII of the Latin sources, as due to the omission of one stroke in the
latter, the confusion in the number of days by the fact that an X has
been omitted in the _Chronicle_. Mommsen’s emendation seems perfectly
plausible, but the absurd quibbles used to bring into agreement what was
in all probability for some time a moot point can be passed over without
much mention.
Rubensohn has a much more reasonable conclusion, namely, that the times
given in the _Chronicle_ and _Liber generationis_ refer not to the date
of the battle at all, but to the date of the proclamation or to the
date of Julianus’ defeat, some time during the early days of May 218.
Lampridius, of course, chips in with another discordant note, namely,
that “A.D. pridie nonas Martias” the Senate received their new Emperor
Alexander with acclamations, but for present purposes he may be left
out of count, as we have no confirmation of this very late statement.
Eutropius’ statement of 2 years and 8 months refers only to the
residence in Rome, and Victor’s 30 months is utterly out of the question,
as is also Lampridius’ statement that this monster occupied the throne
for nearly three years. Still more disconcerting than the wild statements
of the biographers is the fact that right up to 8th December 222 certain
rescripts are dated with the names of both Antonine and Alexander,
“Conss.”; two only, one in March and one in October, appear with
Alexander as sole Consul, and this inscription occurs on a rescript dated
“III non. Febr.,” when, if any other evidence is to be accepted, Antonine
was still alive. It was on this count that Stobbe based his assertion
that Antonine was killed, or at least put out of the government, as
early as 5th or 6th January, and that Mamaea used her new power as soon
as ever Alexander was officially recognised as Consul. It is certainly
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