The year 221 is the time of Antonine’s utter failure. As far as we can
judge from numismatic evidence, one of his first acts was to divorce,
as we have said, the Empress Julia Paula, probably in pursuance of his
scheme for religious unity. He had conceived a notion of rendering his
God absolutely supreme by means of an alliance with the worship of Vesta.
Now this Goddess and her Sacred Stone or Phallus, called the Palladium,
her shields or bucklers, had been sent to Troy direct from heaven.
Aeneas had brought them to Latium, and they were the head and centre of
Roman greatness. Pallas, or Vesta, was too powerful to be absorbed in
the ordinary way. Antonine therefore considered that his God, being
unmarried, might well acquire possession of Vesta by a matrimonial
alliance. As Pontifex Maximus, he was head of the Vesta worship, and
had a perfect right to enter her shrine when and how he pleased, a
circumstance which Lampridius entirely ignored when he said that the
Emperor forced his way into the temple illegally. Antonine certainly did
go to her shrine at this time, and took the sacred fire, carrying it
to the Eliogabalium. Lampridius asserts that the high priestess, being
jealous of the loss of her charge, tried to palm off a false vessel upon
him, but that the Emperor saw the deceit and broke the jar in contempt
for the foolish fraud. He also transferred the sacred stone at the same
time, and in pursuance of his plan, celebrated the nuptials on which he
had set his heart. This was bad enough for Roman susceptibilities, but
he went one worse. Being himself free, he decided to marry one of the
Sacred Vestals from the shrine of his God’s new wife. He certainly seems
to have been vitally attracted by the charms of Aquilia Severa, a woman
no longer in the first flush of youth, to judge by her effigy, but one
whom his religious as well as his personal predilections pointed out as a
fitting consort. Pallas and Elagabal were united in a heavenly union like
so many others amongst Syrian and Egyptian deities; why, then, should
not Antonine, the chief priest of the Sun, and Aquilia, an important
priestess of Minerva, unite in a fruitful union which would produce a
demi-god meet for the Empire?
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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