“At the end of the year, 1832, and in the beginning of 1833, M. Le Baron de Schilling constructed, at St. Petersburg, an electric telegraph, which consisted in a certain number of platinum wires, insulated and united in a cord of silk, which put in action, by the aid of a species of key, 36 magnetic needles, each of which were placed vertically in the centre of a multiplier. M. de Schilling was the first who adapted to this kind of apparatus, an ingenious mechanism, suitable for sounding an alarm, which, when the needle turned at the beginning of the correspondence, was set in play by the fall of a little ball of lead, which the magnetic needle caused to fall. This telegraph of M. de Schilling, was received with approbation by the Emperor, who desired it established on a larger scale, but the death of the inventor postponed the enterprise indefinitely.” Dr. Steinheil in his article “upon telegraphic communication,” published in the London Annals of Electricity, states, “that the experiments instituted by Schilling, by the deflection of a single needle, seems much better contrived, than the arrangement which Davy has proposed, in which illuminated letters are shown by the removal of screens placed in front of them.” It would appear, that the French report is either incorrect, or that M. de Schilling had two plans in contemplation. His plan as intimated in the first and third extracts, is that of using a single needle in the form of a galvanometer, by means of which he made his signals, for instance, one deflection to the right might denote _e_; two _i_; three _b_: one deflection to the left _t_; two _s_; three _v_. His code of signals would then be devised in this manner: rl A rrrl K llr U rrr B lrrr L lll V rll C lrl M rlrl W rrl D lr N lrlr X r E rlr O rllr Y rrrr F llrr P rlrr Z llll G lllr Q rrlr & rlll H lrr R lrrl go on rr I ll S lrll stop rrll J l T llrl finish rlrlr 1 lrlrl 6 rrlrr 2 rrllr 7 rlllr 3 rllrr 8 lrrrl 4 llrll 9 lrrll 5 llrrl 0 If, however, his plan was that ascribed to him, by the Academy of Industry, of using 36 needles and 72 wires, it was exceedingly complicated and expensive, and was similar to that invented by Mr. Alexander, with the exception that Schilling used twice the number of wires. [27]_The Electro Magnetic Telegraph, of Counsellor Gauss and Professor William Weber, invented at Göttingen, 1833._ The deflection of the magnetic bar, by means of the multiplier, through the agency of the galvanic fluid, excited by the magneto electric machine, is the basis of their plan. [27] From the Polytechnic Central Journal, 1838, Nos. 31, 32. [Illustration: FIG. 51.]