The American Encyclopedia of History, Biography and Travel: Comprising Ancient and Modern History: the Biography of Eminent Men of Europe and America, and the Lives of Distinguished Travelers.Prescott, Thomas H.
History
The American Encyclopedia of History, Biography and Travel: Comprising Ancient and Modern History: the Biography of Eminent Men of Europe and America, and the Lives of Distinguished Travelers.
Prescott, Thomas H.
Biography; World history
The increasing numbers of the plebs, the result of fresh wars, and the
value of their services to the community, entitled them to possess,
and emboldened them to claim, some political consideration.
Accordingly, in the reign of Tarquinius Priscus, the fifth of the
legendary kings, and in whose reputed Etruscan lineage historians
fancy that they can discern a time when Etruscan influence, if not
Etruscan arms, reigned paramount in Rome, a modification of the
original constitution took place. A number of the richest plebeian
families were drafted into the populus, to supply the blanks caused by
the dying out of many of the ancient gentes of the Ramnes, Tities, and
Luceres; and at the same time the number of senators was increased to
300, by the admission of the Luceres to the same rights as the other
two tribes. Even this modification was insufficient; and in order to
do justice to the claims of the plebs, Servius Tullius, the successor
of Tarquinius, and who is gratefully celebrated in Roman history as
‘the King of the Commons,’ proposed and effected an entire renovation
of the political system of the state. His first reform consisted in
giving the plebs a regular internal organization for its own purposes,
by dividing it into thirty tribes or parishes――four for the town, and
twenty-six for the country――each provided with an officer or tribe
convener called the Tribune, as well as with a detailed machinery of
local government; and all permitted to assemble in a general meeting
called the _Comitia Tributa_, to discuss matters purely affecting the
plebs. But this was not all. To admit the plebs to a share in the
general legislative power of the community, he instituted a third
legislative body, called the _Comitia Centuriata_, in addition to the
two――the senate and the comitia curiata――already existing. The comitia
centuriata was an assembly of the whole free population of the Roman
territory――patricians, plebeians, and clients――arranged, according to
the amount of their taxable property, in five classes, which again
were subdivided into 195 bodies, called _Centuries_, each century
possessing a vote, but the centuries of the rich being much smaller
than those of the poor, so as to secure a preponderance to wealth. The
powers of the comitia centuriata were similar to those of the comitia
curiata under the former system. They had the right to elect supreme
magistrates, and to accept or reject a measure referred to them by the
king and senate. The comitia curiata, however, still continued to be
held; and a measure, even after it had passed the comitia centuriata,
had still to be approved by the curies ere it could become a law.
Notwithstanding this restriction, the constitution of Servius Tullius
was a great concession to the popular spirit, as it virtually admitted
every free individual within the Roman territory to a share in the
government.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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