and was the father of nine children. His eldest son was called Louis.” This in brief is an account of his life, but it fails to give a thorough conception of the man. He is referred to in many of the War Department reports, between 1800 and 1890. A Mr. W. F. Johnson wrote a book upon his career entitled, “The Life of Sitting Bull,” in 1891; Major McLaughlin has devoted a great deal of space to him, as has Mr. Mooney and others. Sitting Bull’s favorite declaration which he was wont to inflict on peace commissions from Washington, is an index to the character of the man: “God Almighty made me. He never made me an agency Indian.” Attuned to this strong chord, was his whole life. He was not a pleasant man, and he incurred the dislike of his Agent, Major McLaughlin, and many others. I do not agree with Major McLaughlin, that Sitting Bull was altogether a coward. If he had been such, we would not have found him associated with the hostile element in the later sixties and all through the seventies. Neither would he have opposed the authorities at the time of the Ghost dance. He knew that opposition must bring imprisonment, and probably execution, and it did. His boyhood, as was that of Red Cloud and other prominent Indians, was spent among his own people in the chase, about the village, and occasionally he accompanied war parties. I suppose that he was present during the Fetterman massacre in 1869, and the fact that he is not mentioned by Colonel Carrington and other officers does not necessarily imply that he was absent. Carrington would naturally record the names of such Indians as he met, and Sitting Bull was not a man to seek interviews until he became, against his will, a reservation Indian. At the Custer fight he made the medicine. I have not presented an account of the battle of the Little Big Horn, for the reason that practically every other writer of modern days has mentioned it at length, and several have devoted chapters to the subject.[34] He made the medicine for the fight, and I have understood from the Sioux at Pine Ridge that Sitting Bull sat on a hill, some distance from the action, and went through with his incantations in plain view of many of the warriors. McLaughlin states that Sitting Bull and his family fled when the shooting began. Be that as it may, the success of the fight was attributed, in no small part, to the efficacy of Sitting Bull’s medicine, and he became a great man thereafter.