“In regard to civilization, the Oglala are in the transition period, which generally means partial degeneration. They live in small or fair-sized log houses of one room, each provided with one or two small windows that are never opened. The houses have earthen floors and sod roofs. In summer almost every family constructs from poles and boughs, or from young pine trees, a more or less open shelter in which, while it is warm, they spend most of their time. Usually, each family has also a light, easily portable tent, which represents the ancient tipi. These tents are erected near the house and are occupied by the aged, by some relative or visitor of the family, or serve to sleep in. When the family leaves home, such a tent is packed, together with bedding, kitchen utensils, etc., into the wagon, and is pitched whenever a stop is made for the night. Indeed, there will be at times one or more villages of these tents near the agency, or about a house where some particular feast is being given. In summer these tents are oppressively hot during the day, though they become cool if the sides are raised. As they are made of very light fabric, they are cold at night, and afford but poor protection during a severe rain or hail storm, as the writer personally experienced. * * * “As to clothing, the Oglala now dress like the Whites in most respects, though the majority still persist in wearing moccasins. The women wear leggings and always a blanket or shawl when going about. A tendency to wear too much clothing, even on the hottest day, was again noticed and is very prevalent. This is due partly to ignorance and partly to vanity. The garments are usually far from clean. The writer learned of several instances in which the clothing of tuberculous persons was given or sold to others. “In diet the Sioux are chiefly meat eaters, the principal kind of meat consumed being beef. They cook this fresh, or cut it into strips and dry it on cords stretched outside their dwellings. Other common articles of diet are badly made wheat bread and large quantities of coffee. When they have money they purchase crackers and canned foods. They eat very irregularly, both as to time and quantity. During feasts and when visitors are present, they not infrequently use the same wooden spoon or other utensil, one after another, and eat from the same dish, the bones and other remnants being freely strewn over the floor.