The Indian Association then, 1904, began a vigorous campaign in California, largely educational, for the purpose of securing from Congress the land necessary as a basis for further work on behalf of the California Indians. In this effort nearly all of the societies working for the benefit of Indians joined. In Southern California matters had been nearing a crisis, with the Indians there, owing to lack of water on most reservations, indefinite boundaries, etc., and they were also asking for relief. The Sequoya League, of which Charles F. Lummis, Esq., was the leading spirit, was the most active body in Southern California. In 1905 Congress directed an investigation of the whole Indian situation in California, and C. E. Kelsey, General Secretary of the Northern California Indian Association, was selected to make the investigation. The report of this investigation was published by the Indian Office March 21, 1906. Congress soon made an appropriation of $100,000 for the relief of the California Indians and $50,000 was further appropriated two years later. Some further sums were also given for fencing, surveying and other such items. The plan presented by the Indian Association met favor with the Board of Indian Commissioners and the Commissioner of Indian Affairs and was adopted almost _in toto_. Mr. Kelsey was appointed to have charge of purchasing and allotting such lands as were required and served until the appropriations were exhausted. The need for water upon the Southern California reservations was met chiefly from direct appropriations for the Irrigation Service and a large share of this work is already completed. The vexing boundary questions in Southern California have all been settled and some considerable additions made to the reservations from the public domain and from purchase. In Northern California the work of getting all Indians on their own small fraction of land is not quite so far along, but is nearing completion. When, in 1903, the Northern California Indian Association began its movement to secure land for the landless Indians of California, the land situation of the California Indians was estimated about as follows: On reservations, So. Calif. 3,500 On reservations, No. Calif. 1,700 On allotments, So. Calif. 250 On allotments, No. Calif. 2,800 On land owned by churches, societies, etc., and by themselves 1,100 Estimated to be landless 8,000 —————— 17,350