Now in view of this work and spirit of the South, what must be done? We, as an Association, must redouble our efforts. There is every reason to help the South trying to help itself. There is only one scholar, in every colored school, supported by the North, and suppose every single one graduates, to supply one teacher for every public colored school in the South. Think of it! And that leaves out of calculation one and one half million of church members pleading for preachers. According to the last report of the Commissioner of Education, the North gave to the higher schools of education at the South in 1879 less than $500,000. It gave to the same schools in the North, benevolently, charitably, about $5,000,000. We hear much about $50,000 given to Berea College. We hear little about $500,000 to the college in Cleveland. One-fortieth of all negroes in the world are in the United States; one-fifteenth are in North and South America. But I will leave others to speak of that, and pass in closing to speak of what our National Government must do now. Millions of dollars are needed to do it. No agency but the central Government can or should meet this need. It cannot be done by Northern benevolence; that is inadequate, utterly inadequate. The North would only pauperize the South, if it could and did do it. It cannot be done by the Southern states. These Southern states (leaving out Maryland, Missouri, Delaware and District of Columbia) contributed in 1879 to public school education only eight and a half millions. Of the North, Illinois gave eight, Ohio seven, Pennsylvania eight, New York ten millions to their public schools. This contribution of the South seems and is very niggardly, but it is a question how much increase we can expect. The South is loaded down with poverty, debts and heavy taxes. The other day a prominent platform speaker made a comparison between Arkansas and Kansas in order to illustrate the inferiority of Southern education. He said that in 1877 Kansas sent 87 per cent of her children to the schools, and Arkansas 8 per cent. Kansas raised $5.65 for each scholar, and Arkansas raised 50 cents. Then he went on to say that Kansas and Arkansas were in about the same financial condition. I looked that up this morning, and I found that Arkansas had a debt of five millions, and Kansas had a debt of one million; that Arkansas had $87,000,000 taxable property with which to pay her debt of five millions, while Kansas had $160,000,000 to pay her debt of one million; and that Arkansas was paying a state tax of 65 cents on every hundred, and Kansas was paying 55 cents.