The American Nations, Vol. I.: Or, Outlines of a National History of the Ancient and Modern Nations of North and South AmericaRafinesque, C. S. (Constantine Samuel)
History
The American Nations, Vol. I.: Or, Outlines of a National History of the Ancient and Modern Nations of North and South America
Rafinesque, C. S. (Constantine Samuel)
Indians; Indians -- Origin; Taino Indians; Taino language
The nation who furnished these annals, was the Haytian of Hayti, a branch
of the nation dwelling also in Cuba, and filling the Lucayes and smaller
Antilles: whose collective proper name was TAINO meaning noble. But they
acknowledged as brothers, many tribes of the continent under the
collective name of GUATIAOS brothers, this was ascertained in 1520 by
Figueroa.—(See Herrera.) These _Guatiaos_ were the Aruac nations and
tribes, that were not cannibals. These tribes as enumerated by Figueroa in
1520 were in the Antilles the 1. Haytians, 2. Cubans, 3. Jamaicans, 4.
Boriquans (Porto Rico), 5. Cairis that dwelt in Trinidad, Barbuda,
Marmagitas and Gianis Islands. While those of the continent were the 1.
Aruacas of Guyana, 2. Paracurias of Cubagua, 3. Urinatos of Oronoc, 4.
Pavonas of Cariaco, 5. Cariatis, 6. Cumanas, 7. Chiribichis, 8.
Coquibocoa, 9. Unatos. These five last were intermixt with the _Canibas_
or _Caribas_, the cannibal tribes, foes of the _Guatiaos_, which are the
Galibis and Carib tribes; that had desolated and conquered most of the
eastern Antilles.
All the Tainos spoke the same language divided into several dialects; but
understood reciprocally. D’Angleria tells us in 1512 that two distinct
languages were used in Cuba, the eastern was a mere dialect of Hayti; but
in the west was a very different language not understood; this was the
_Cami_ derived from the _Olmeca_ of Oaxaca or the _Maya_ of Yucatan; they
having sent there a colony, and founded a kingdom.—(see the Maya History.)
In Hayti there was also in the center of the island a kingdom of Mayas?
the people were called _Mayo-riexes_ or _Macoryxes_, (meaning _Maya
people_). They spoke a language different from the Haytian (Dangleria)
divided into 3 dialects _Cayabo_, _Cubaba_, and _Baichagua_. This kingdom
of strangers was called _Cubaba_ or _Caibaba_, and _Ziguayos_. They are
called Caribs by some authors; but erroneously.(62)
Many other additional traditions on the Antilles are scattered in early
writers, D’Angleria, Gomara, Herrera, Munoz, Acosta, St. Mery, Oviedo,
Columbus, Brigstock, Rochefort, Edwards, Garcia, Laet, &c. which shall be
partly noticed here as a sequel to Roman, and all connected as a general
outline of a history of the Antillian nations.
Having succeeded to make out a fine vocabulary of nearly three hundred
words of the Taino dialects, collected from Roman, Columbus, Dangleria,
Munoz, Las-Casas, Herrera, Gili, Humboldt, Vater &c.—and another of about
150 words of the _Cairi_ or _Eyeri_ language of the Aruac Islanders out of
Dudley, Rochefort &c. I will be enabled to translate and elucidate nearly
all the Taino historical names and allusions, so as to clear up the annals
by original etymologies. The orthography will be Spanish, J must be
pronounced as Kh, and X as Sh.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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