Applegath and Cowper, improvers of the cylinder press, 238, 239. Apprentice, how to instruct an, 122. must be punctual, obedient, and courteous, 123. qualifications required in an, 121. ridiculous practices to be avoided by, 122. Apprentices, advice to, 137, 138. Arithmetical figures, when introduced, 70. Article, the indefinite, rule for using, 318. Ascending letters, 59. Asterisk, use of, 66. Astronomical signs, 73, 74. Authors, detention of proofs by, 205. hints to, 211. impatience of, 205. whims of, 61. Automatic counter, illustrated, 310. machine, for casting and finishing type, 23. Backing long or short pages, 133. Baine, John, sets up a type-foundry in Philadelphia, 19. _Bay Psalm-Book_, first book printed at Cambridge, 16. Bearers on hand-presses, how prepared, 259, 277, 278, 281. Beaumont, Victor, inventor of serrated cutting blade, 242. Beginners, ironical rules for, 139, 140. Bewcastle cross, Runic inscription on, 89. Bible, first, printed at Mentz, by Gutenberg, Fust and Schœffer, in 1455, of which there are four copies in Europe and two in the United States, 11. Brinley’s, 11. German, printed in Germantown, by Saur, 19. Lenox’s, 11. Mazarin, 11. printed in Iceland in 1584, 14. quarto, in standing type, in Philadelphia, 26. _Biblia Pauperum_, attributed to Koster, 10. Bill of type, 57. Binny, Archibald, first successful founder in Philadelphia, 19, 20. improver of the type-mould, 19, 42. Black letter, when used, 51. Blades, William, 14. Blaeu, Willem Jansen, early inventor of a press, 235. Blankets for wood-cut printing, 282. India-rubber, 266. thick paper, 266. Welsh flannel, 266. when to be used, 257, 266. Blanking, remarks concerning, 259. Bleaching powders deleterious, 276. Block books, 10. Blue ink, how to make, 287, 288. Bodkin, how to use the, 208, 209. illustrated, 209, 210. Books, cheapening of, due to steam-presses, 240. early, printed in Gothic character, 16. first, printed on one side of the leaf only, 10. how to preserve, 317. Book-folding machine, illustrated, 249. Borders, 80, 120. _Boston Gazette_, second newspaper published in America, 17. _News-Letter_, first newspaper published in America, 17. Bourgeois, specimen of, 54. Boxwood, description of good, 36. liable to warp, 282, 283. quoin, 306. Braces, use of, 75. Bracket, how used, 65. Bradford, William, first printer in the Middle Colonies, 16, 17. Brass rules, remarks concerning, 80. slotted corners, description of, 44. Break-lines improperly driven over, 133. should never begin a page, 133. Brevier, specimen of, 54. Brilliant, smallest type in America, 52. specimen of, 54. Brinley’s collection of Bibles, 11. British founders reject American casting-machines, 23. Bronze printing, how executed, 284, 285.