The dividing of Hebrew words not being permitted, the five following letters are cast broad to enable the compositor to justify the lines without irregular spacing:— Aleph ‎ﬡ‎ He ‎ﬣ‎ Lamed ‎ﬥ‎ Mem ‎ﬦ‎ Thau ‎ﬨ‎ Hebrew has no capitals, and therefore letters of the same shape, but of a larger body, are used at the beginning of chapters and other parts of Hebrew works. Hebrew reads from the right to the left, which is the case with all other Oriental languages, except Ethiopic and Armenian. In composing it, the general method is to place the nick of the letter downward, and after putting the points to the top, to turn the line and set the points that come under the letters. If the letter has but one leg, the point is placed immediately under it; but where the letter has two legs, it is put under the centre. The Masoretic points or vowels are subjoined under the consonant ‎בּ‎ (beth). 1. _The Long Vowels._ Kametz ‎ׇ ‎ _aa_ ‎בָּ ‎baa Tzeri ‎ֵ ‎ _ee_ ‎בֵּ ‎ bee Long Chirek ‎י‎ _ii_ ‎בִּי‎ bii Cholem ‎וֹ‎ _oo_ ‎בּבּוֹ‎ boo Shurek ‎וּ‎ _uu_ ‎בּוּ‎ buu 2. _The Short Vowels._ Patach ַ‎ ‎_a_ בַּ‎‎ ba Sœgol ֶ‎ ‎_e_ בֶּ‎‎ be Little Chirek ִ‎ ‎_i_ בִּ‎‎ bi Kametz-chataph ָ‎ ‎_o_ בָּ‎‎ bo Kibbutz ֻ‎ ‎_u_ בֻּ‎‎ bu 3. _Shevas, which imply a Vowel to be wanting._ Simple Sheva ‎חְ‎ Patach furtive ‎חַ‎ Chataph Patach ‎חֲ‎ _a_ Chataph Sœgol ‎חֱ‎ _e_ Chataph Kametz ‎חֳ‎ _o_ The last three are called compound shevas; and, in fact, they are only the short vowels, to which the simple sheva [ְְ‎] is joined. ACCENTS. Hebrew accents are either mere points, or lines, or circles. Those which are mere points or dots consist of one or two or three such points, and are always placed above the middle of the accented letter, thus, { One, called _rebia_, ‎ב֗ , i.e. _sitting over_. { That { Two, called royal _zakeph katon_, ‎ב֔‎, or, _the little consisting { elevator_, from its figure, which is composed of upright of { points. { { Three, called royal _segolta_, ‎ב֒‎, an inverted [‎ ֶ‎]. The lines are either upright, inclined, or transverse. The upright is either solitary or with points or dots. The { between two words, ‎ב׀ב‎, termed _pesick_, or musical solitary { pause, and terminating a song. is { either { or { _Metheg_, ‎בֽ‎ or _bridle_, an euphonic accent { under a { at the beginning of a word. { word, { { { Royal _silluk_, ‎בֽ‎, _end_, which is placed { { before [׃], _sophpasuk_, i.e. toward the end.