_Apina-gês_, north of Rio Tocantins. _Aponegi-crens_, in south of province Maranhao. _Acroas_, near Rio Tocantins. _Aimores_, see _Botocudos_. _Botocudos_, in Sierra dos Aimures. _Carahos_, on Rio Tocantins. _Camacans_, near Rio Pardo. _Cayapos_, north of Rio Pardo. _Chavantes_, near Rio Maranhao. _Cherentes_, near Rio Tocantins. _Chicriabas_, near Rio de San Francisco. _Coretus_, on Rio Yupura. _Cotoxos_, near Rio Doce. _Cumanachos_, in province Goyaz. _Crens_, see _Botocudos_. _Gês_, in province Goyaz. _Goyotacas_, in province Goyaz (see below). _Malalalis_, near Rio Doce. _Malalis_, in province Goyaz. _Masacaras_, in province Goyaz. _Pancas_, on Rio das Pancas. _Potés_ (_Poton_), on upper Mucuri. _Puris_, near Rio Paraiba. _Suyas_, on upper Schingu. The Goyotacas in the province of Goyaz and the regions adjacent include a large number of tribes which Von Martius has shown to have sufficient linguistic affinity among themselves to unite in one group, and connections enough with the Tapuya stem to be regarded as one of its sub-stocks.[354] GOYOTACA SUB-STOCK. _Capochos_, in the sierra between Minas Geraes and Porto Seguro. _Coropos_, on the Rio da Pomba. _Cumanachos_, adjacent to the Capochos. _Machacalis_, on and near Rio Mucury. _Macunis_, between Minas Geraes and Porto Seguro. _Monoxos_, adjacent to the Macunis. _Panhames_, on head-waters of Rio Mucury. _Patachos_, on head-waters of Rio de Porto Seguro. Another group believed by Martius to be a mixed off-shoot of the Tapuya family belong to what I may call the TUCANO SUB-STOCK. _Cobeus_, on Rio Uaupes. _Dace_, on Rio Uaupes. _Jupua_, on upper Yupura. _Jauna_, on Rio Uaupes. _Tucano_, on Rio Uaupes. All these tribes are found in the vicinity of the river Uaupes, and are distinguished by three vertical lines tattooed or incised on the cheeks. They take their name, as do some other Brazilian tribes not related to them, from the beautiful toucan bird, which is frequently held sacred among them, and is sometimes chosen as the totem of a gens. I also attach to this stock the Carnijos or Fornio, a vocabulary of whose language has been published by Professor John C. Branner, and which hitherto has not been identified.[355] The following comparison between it and the Tapuya dialects will show the affinity: CARNIJOS. TAPUYA. Fire, _tŏch_, _tiaköh_. Eye, _i-to_, _ainthó_, _kitho_. Nose, _d-ereta_, _d’asigri_. Tooth, _i-axi_, _aiquá_, _daguoi_. _3. The Arawaks._