_Akavais_, or _Accowoios_, in southern British Guiana. _Apalais_, on the lower Paru. _Apiacas_, on the lower Tocantins. _Arecunas_, on Rio Branco. _Aricoris_, see _Yaos_. _Bakairis_, on the Upper Schingu. _Caribisis_, in Guiana. _Carijonas_, head-waters of the Caqueta. _Cariniacos_, on lower Orinoco. _Chaimas_, in ancient province of Cumana. _Cumanagotos_, in ancient province of Cumana. _Galibis_, in French Guiana. _Guaques_, on the upper Caqueta. _Guaharibos_, on the upper Caura. _Guayqueris_, in province of Cumana. _Jauamerys_, on Rio Jauapery. _Macusis_, on Rio Negro. _Maqueritares_, on Rio Branco. _Motilones_, near R. Zulia in Venezuela. _Palmellas_, on Rio Paruahyba. _Paramonas_, sub-tribe of Akavais. _Paravilhanas_, on Rio Branco. _Pianagotos_, on Rio Branco. _Pimenteiras_, on Rio Paruahyba. _Purigotos_, on Rio Jauapery. _Roucouyennes_, in French Guiana. _Tamanacas_, on Rio Cuccivero. _Tiverighotto_, on Rio Branco. _Trios_, on upper Corentyn. _Vaiyamaras_, on Rio Branco. _Voyavois_, on Rio Branco. _Yaos_, in Guiana. _Zurumutas_, sub-tribe of Macusis. (The Orinoco sub-stock will be described later.) _5. The Cariris._ In his enumeration of the tribes of Central Brazil, Von Martius brings together a large number who once dwelt in the provinces of Bahia and Pernambuco, under the general title, “the Guck or Coco stem,” so called from the word which in many of them means “the paternal uncle.”[389] This division has not been endorsed by later research, and it is evident that Von Martius included several quite different stocks under this appellation. Among these, the most prominent were the _Cariris_ or Kiriri. They are now reduced to about 600 souls, but at one time were a powerful nation, and in 1699 the Jesuit Mamiani published a grammar and other works in their tongue.[390] They were among the more cultivated of the Brazilian tribes, given to agriculture, skilled in dyeing and weaving cotton, employing a primitive spindle and loom, with weapons of several kinds and of superior finish. The Sabuyas, who dwell near them, speak a closely related dialect; but further affinities have not been verified. They have, indeed, many loan words from the Tupi, and some from the Carib stock, but the ground-work of these tongues is different. Von den Steinen offers some reasons for believing that they moved down the Amazon from a far western residence.[391] _6. The Coroados, Carajas and others._